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Communicable Dis.
The Child with a Communicable Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Key factors in managing infectious disease | Prevention and control |
| Can be transmitted, directly or indirectly, from one person to another | Communicable disease |
| Organisms that cause disease | Pathogens |
| The time between the invasion by the pathogen and the onset of clinical symptoms | Incubation period |
| Refers to the initial stage of a disease: the interval between the the earliest symptoms and the appearance of a typical rash or fever | Prodromal period |
| Any inanimate material that absorbs and transmits infection | Fomite |
| An insect or animal that carries and spreads a disease | Vector |
| A world-wide high incidence of a communicable | Pandemic |
| A sudden increase of a communicable disease in a localized area | Epidemic |
| Refers to a continuous incidence of a communicable disease expected in a localized arear | Endemic |
| Refers to moist secretions or parts of the body that can contain microorganisms | Body substance |
| A route by which the organisms enter the body | Portal of entry |
| The route by which the organisms exit the body | Portal of exit |
| A place that supports the growth of organisms | Reservoir for infection |
| Refers to the way in which organisms spread and infect the individual | Chain of infection |
| Basic and essential to prevent the spread of infection | Hand hygiene |
| Important factors in host resistance to disease | Intact skin and mucous membranes, Phagocytes, and Immune system |
| Caused by organisms normally found in the environment that the immune-suppressed individual cannot resist or fight | An opportunistic infection |
| An infection acquired in a health care facilty during hospitalization | Health care-associated infection |
| A natural or acquired resistance to infection | Immunity |
| Not the result of inherited factors but is gained as a result of having the disease or is artificially acquired by receiving vaccines or immune serums | Acquired immunity |
| When the person produces his or her own immunity | Active immunity |
| Used to prevent lockjaw | Tetanus serum |
| Acts immediately but does not last as long as immunity actively produced by the body | Passive immunity |
| A person who is capable of spreading a disease but does not show evidence of it (Ex: Typhoid fever) | Carrier |
| Involves contact with the person who is infected | Direct transmission |
| Involves contact with objects that have been contaminated by the infected person (fomites) | Indirect transmission |
| Examples of fomites | Bedrails, IV pumps, overbed tables, door handles, used tissues, countertops, and toys |
Created by:
vandas
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