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Human Growth/Dev ch9
chapter 9 terms from "lifespan development" textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the theory suggesting that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age. | activity theory |
| a sequence of staged episodes that illustrate the strength of attachment between a child and (typically) his or her mother | Ainsworth strange situation |
| a style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers; they show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return, they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her. | ambivalent attachment pattern |
| the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual. | attachment |
| the period during which, according to Erikson toddlers (aged 18 months to 3 years) develop independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and self-doubt if they are restricted and overprotected. | autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage |
| a style of attachment in which children do not seek proximity to the mother; after the mother has left, they seem to avoid her when she returns, as if angered by her behavior. | avoidant attachment pattern |
| a period in which people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical capabilities as a result of aging. | body transcendence versus body preoccupation |
| the theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem. | continuity theory |
| babies who have negative moods and are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw | difficult babies |
| the period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels. | disengagement theory |
| a style of attachment in which children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior, such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her. | disorganized-disoriented attachment |
| babies who have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly, and they are adaptable | easy babies |
| Erikson's final stage of life, characterized by a process of looking back over one's life, evaluating it and coming to terms with it | ego-integrity-versus-despair stage |
| the period in which elderly people must come to grips with their coming death. | ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation |
| the capability to adjust to a desired state and level of intensity. | emotional self-regulation |
| the theory that considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others and their own behavior. | Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development |
| versus-stagnation stage- according to Erikson, the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family and society. | generativity |
| the notion that development is dependent on the degree of match between children's temperament and the nature and demands of the environment in which they are being raised | goodness of fit |
| according to Erikson, the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves | identity-versus-identity-confusion stage |
| the period from age 6 to 12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world | industry-versus-inferiority stage |
| according to Erikson, the period during which children aged 3 to 6 years experience conflict between independence of action and the sometimes negative results of that action. | initiative-versus-guilt stage |
| according to Erikson, the period of postadolescense into the 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others. | intimacy-versus-isolation stage |
| a stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite. | midlife crisis |
| the sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another | personality |
| the theory that those in old age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work roles or occupations | redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role |
| a style of attachment in which children use the mother as a kind of home base and are at ease when she is present; when she leaves, they become upset, and they go to her as soon as she returns | secure attachment pattern |
| the distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs. | separation anxiety |
| babies who are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, and they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly | slow-to-warm babies |
| the intentional search for information about others' feelings to help make sense of uncertain circumstances and events. | social referencing |
| the caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person | stranger anxiety |
| patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual. | temperament |
| enduring dimensions of personality characteristics along which people differ. | traits |
| according to Erikson, the period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers. | trust-versus-mistrust stage |
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biorhythm
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