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Echinoderm/Chordate
Biology 192 lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Echinodermata | Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers and crinoids. Juveniles are bilaterally symmetric and adults are mostly pentaradially symmetric. Sensory systems are poorly developed and they lack a brain. |
| ossicles | in echinoderms: internal skeleton of echinoderms made of calcareous plates and often spines that protrude through a thing layer of epidermis |
| water vascular system | in echinoderms: consists of a series of water-filled canals with hollow projections from the body wall, called tube feet |
| tube feet | in echinoderms: typically used for gas exchange but also may be used for locomotion, feeding, or other tasks |
| nervous system of pentaradial echinoderms | consists of the circumoral nerve ring and radial nerves which extend along each arm |
| Crinoidea | includes sea lilies and feather stars. usually radially symmetric, sessile/semi-sessile suspension feeders with mouths facing upwards. |
| pinnules | jointed appendages on the arms of crinoids that give them their feathery appearance. |
| Asteroidea | seastars. body consists of a central disc from which five arms project. the mouth is located on the underside of the disc. usually digest extraorally by everting their stomaches. |
| oral surface | underside of the central disc where the mouth is located |
| aboral surface | upmost side of the central disc where the anus and madreporite are located |
| madreporite | serves as a link between the water vascular system and surrounding seawater |
| ambulacral groove | a wide furrow that extends along the length of each arm on an Asteroidian. tube feet are located in rows along each side of the groove |
| digestion in sea stars | most digest food extraorally by everting their stomach |
| path of water through sea star | water --> madreporite --> stone canal --> radial canal --> tube feet |
| pedicellariae | pincer or spine-like structures on the surface of starfish which serve to clean to surface of the starfish |
| Ophiruoidea | brittle stars. much more agile and energetic than starfish and their arms detach easily. |
| ambulacral groove on brittle stars | internalized and covered by a series a plate. tube feet are reduced and lack ampullae and suckers |
| Echinoidea | sea urchins and sand dollars. lack arms but pentaradial symmetry is evident. their bodies are enclosed in a test of interlocking plates. feed using Aristotle's Latern. |
| Aristotle's Latern | highly developed feeding apparatus of Echinoideans which is composed of complex muscles and ossicles that end in five teeth around the mouth |
| Holothuroidea | sea cucumbers. have bilateral symmetry and definite anterior and posterior end. respire by a respiratory tree |
| buccal podia | specialized oral tube feet around the mouth of sea cucumbers |
| respiratory tree | structure through which water is pumped to from the cloaca allow for gas exchange in sea cucumbers |
| Four features of Chordates | 1) notochord (flexible, supporting rod) 2) dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3) pharyngeal gill slits 4) post-anal tail |
| Urochordata | tunicates/sea squirts. have tadpole like larvae which turn into sessile filter feeders. water current is produced by cilia that line the pharynx. as water passes through the pharyngeal gill slits, particles of food are filtered out |
| Cephalochordata | lancelets. lack fins and bones, have a poorly developed head, and possess only basic organ systems |
| Additional characteristics of vertebrates | 1) cranium and vertebral column that replaces notochord in adults 2) cephalization 3) endoskeleton 4) adaptations to circulatory and respitory systems which support active life styles of vertebrates |
| Cephalospidomorphi | lampreys. eel-like with a jawless mouth, pore-like gill slits, and lack of paired fins. have cartilaginous endoskeletons |
| ammocoetes | filter feeding larvae of lampreys |
Created by:
AngryEggplant
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