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BarryPathoUrinary
Patho Urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Urinary system is composed of 2__,2__,1__,1__ | 2 kidney, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra |
| The kidney is divided into two regions. What are they? | The cortex and the medulla |
| Flow of blood through the kidneys, starting from the renal artery. | Renal artery, 2-3 segmental arteries, several lobar arteries, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole. |
| Kidney's function | Urine formation, pH regulation, Body fluids & electrolytes reg, long-term B/P reg,erythropoiesis, filter blood |
| functional unit of the kidney | nephron |
| T or F. The juxtamedullary nephron has its Loop of Henle deep into the cortex. | False. Medulla |
| T or F. the cortical nephron is located mainly in the medulla. | False. Cortex |
| The Renal Corpuscle is composed of | Glomerular capillaries (Glomerulus), and the Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) |
| T or F. The cells of the Loop of Henle have a highly infolded plasma membrane and are filled with mitochondria and microvilli | False. These are proximal convuluted cells |
| Urine formation takes place in what part of the kidney. | cortex |
| Urine formation occurs by means of three process: | Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| T or F. Blood moves directly from the interlobar artery, to afferent arteriole into the glomerulus | False. Interlobular artery |
| Which of the three processes are selective: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion | reabsorption |
| T or F. Reabsoption: Solutes are reabsorbed across the wall of the nephron by transport processes such as passive transport. | False. Active transport and cotransport |
| The first step in urine formation | glomerular filtration |
| T or F. As blood flows through the glomerular capillaries, water and solutes filter out of the blood into the glomerulus through the glomerular-capsular membrane | False. water and solutes flow into the Bowman's capsule |
| Fluid filters out of the glomeruli into Bowman's capsule because of a pressure gradient resulting from the ____ pressure | hydrostatic |
| Pressures opposing hydrostatic pressure in the glomeruli are | capsular hydrostatic pressure and plasmatic oncotic pressure in the filtrate |
| T or F. Capsular hydrostatic pressure is higher than blood colloid osmotic pressure | False |
| The net outward pressure of filtration (filtration pressure) is ___mmHg | 7-10 |
| T or F. The descending loop Henle is permeable to water, not Sodium | True |
| Glomerular filtration rate is 125ml/min. Approximately __% will be absorbed at the ____, leaving a remainder of 25ml/min to enter into the _____. | 80, proximal convuluted tubule, loop of Henle |
| T or F. Oncotic pressure forces fluids and solutes cirulating within the glomeruli towards the Bowman's capsule with the resulting product known as filtrate | False. Hydrostatic pressure |
| Out of 180 Liters/day of filtrate, only__ L/day is eliminated as urine. | 1.5 |
| T or F. Filtrate is hypertonic to plasma | False. Isotonic |
| T or F. Urine can be Hypotonic or hypertonic according to H2O intake | True |
| Glom. filtr. is reg. by the kidney's intrinsic or auto regulatory system. which will maintain a +_ constant GFR despite changes in ______ | Blood pressure |
| Up to 80% of the energy used in active transport is to reabsorb___. | Sodium |
| What process is used for protein reabsorption | pinocytosis |
| T or F. Transport maximum is the same for most substances | False |
| Transport maximum (Tm) for Glucose | 375mg/min |
| Nearly all of ___ and ___ are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule | Potassium, Uric Acid |
| Approximately how much of glucose and amino acid are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule | ALL |
| Descending limb is permeable to___, not ____ | water, sodium |
| Ascending limb is permeable to ___, not ___ | sodium, water |
| Elements/ Substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule | Na, Glucose, K, Amino acids, HCO3, Uric acid, PO4, Urea, H2O |
| Elements/Substances reabsorbed in the the Bowman's capsule | NOTHING, only filtration takes place here |
| Elements/ Substances secreted in the Proximal tubule | H+, and foreign substances |
| Elements/ Substances reabsorbed in the descending limb | H2O |
| Elements/ Substances that diffuse into the descending limb | Na |
| Elements/ Substances reasorbed in the asceding limb | Na, with active transport |
| T or F. in the Ascending limb water stays in; and cannot leave the ascending limb | True |
| Elements/ Substances reabsorbed in the distal tubule | Na, H2O (ADH required), HCO3 |
| Elements/ Substances secreted in the distal tubule | K, Urea, H+, NH3, Some drugs |
| Elements/ Substances reabsorbed in the collecting duct | H2O (ADH required) |
| Elements/ Substances reabsorbed or secreted in the collecting duct | Na, K, H+, NH3 |
| T or F. Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption at the Distal Tubule, and juxtamedullary collecting duct. | False, at the Distal Tubule and Cortical collecting duct |
| How many Trigone openings are in the urinary Bladder | 3 |
| What type of eptithelium cell is the bladder composed of. | transitional |
| Tonicity of fluid within the Distal Tubule | Isotonic or hypotonic |
| Tonicity of fluid within the Loop of Henle | Isotonic, Hypertonic, hypotonic |
| Tonicity of fluid within the Proximal Tubule | Isotonic |
| Osmolality of Filtrate | 290-300 mOsm |
| The collecting duct will reabsorb water in the presence of ADP and usually approximately 1ml/min is lost as urine by the nephron | False ADH |
| peritubular capillaries continue into the lateral_____. | Vasta Recta |
| The Afferent arteriole going into the glomerulus is surrounded by what type of cells | Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| The nephron is composed of 2 major components, which are | the corpuscle (Renal corpuscle), and the Tubular system |
Created by:
Bvaleris
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