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Respiratory System15
Understanding the Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Respiratory System | system of breathing, includes accessory structures. |
| Upper Division of the Respiratory System | Air passages from the nose to the Trachea. |
| Lower Division of the Respiratory System | parts foundin the Chest Cavity. |
| What is the job of the Carti? | keeps passage open |
| What (hair) traps particles? | Vabrissae |
| What are the 2 nasal cavities? | 1. Nasal Septum 2. Nasal Mucosa |
| What is the Nasal Septum? | The bone and soft tissue that sepatates the cavities |
| Define Nasal Mucosa | Epithilium. secrets mucous |
| What is the job of the Goblet Cells? | Produce Mucous |
| What does the Concha consist of? | 3 curly bones on each lateral wall. Superior, Middle, and Inferior. |
| Condition Air | Turbulence warms and humidifies air and traps particles in mucous. |
| ________________ from the CN l that come through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid b. | Chemoreceptors |
| Paranasal Sinuses | Air filled cavities in the frontal, maxillae, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. |
| function of nasal cavatiy | lighten skull |
| What is the Pharynx? | musculartube posterior to the nasal and oral cavities. |
| What are the 3 parts to the Pharynx? | Nasopharynx (nose), Oropharynx (oral), and Laryngopharynx (larynx). |
| Nasopharynx- most ________________ | Superior |
| what is the soft palate? | soft tissue continuation of hard palate. |
| Seperates Oropharynx and ______________ | Nasopharynx |
| _____________ during swallowing to prevent bolus from entering nasopharynx | Elevated |
| Naso is... | Just air |
| Uvula | 'Punching bag' on the soft palate |
| Pharyngeal tonsils (a.k.a adenoid) | Lymphaticv organ for immunity |
| opening from the middle ear is | Eustachian Tubes. Helps permit equalization of air pressure. |
| Oropharynx | behind the oral cavity |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | one or more cell layers, the most superficial of which is composed of flat, scalelike or platelike cells |
| Palatine (tonsils) | lymphatic organ also for immunity (adennoid has same function) |
| Lingual | lymphatic organ for immunity behind the tounge |
| Functions of the Laryngopharynx | Opens anteriorly to the larynx and inferiorly to the esophagus |
| Scientific word for Voice Box | Larynx |
| what is the function for the Larynx? | sound generation (speaking) and air passage (breathing) |
| It's kept open with ______________ | Cartilage |
| Thyroid is also known as | Adams apple |
| what is Epiglosttis | Cartilage that lowers to close passage to larynx during swallowing. |
| sweeps debris upward to the Oropharynx | Cilia Epithilium |
| vocal cords are also known as | vocal folds |
| function of vocal cords? | vibrate to make sound waves |
| Glottis | opening between vocal cords |
| Trachia is also know as | Wind Pipe |
| The trachia is about how many inches | 4 to 5 |
| runs from the Layrnx to the ____________ | Bronchi |
| its contains how many "C" shaped rings | 16 to 20 |
| Gaps ___________ permit swallowing | Trachea |
| they are ciliated epithelium with __________ ____ | Goblet Cells |
| Primary Bronchi | is paired. first division of the trechea that enters into the lung |
| Secondary Bronchi | further bracnches of primary bronchi |
| how many branches on each side? | 3 on the right n 2 on the left |
| further branching that form the bronchial tree | Tertiary, quaternary bronchi, ect |
| Bronchiole | No cartilage, circular smooth muscle, and terminates at alveoli |
| Alveoli are | millions of air sacs where bronchiolies terminateand where gas exchange occurs |
| Lungs are | Lateral to the heart |
| Apex is | level with clavicle |
| What is hilus | indentation on medial surface where primary bronchi, vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. |
| Pleural membranes are also | Serous membranes |
| Lines thoracic cavitiy | Parietal Pleura |
| visceral Plerua | covers the lungs |
| secrete ____________ which prevents fricition | Plerual fluid |
| the total surface for Alveoli is | 700 to 800 feet |
| 2 cells types. what are they? | Alveolar Type 1 and type 2 cells |
| Alveolar Type 1 cells | generally lay in a single layer |
| Alveolar Type 2 cells | produce Pulmonary Surfactant |
| what is surfactant | fluid produced to PREVENT walls of alveoli from sticking together by decreasing surface tention |
| elastic connective tissue contains what | Alveoli |
| Ventilation | movement of air to and from alveoli |
| inhalation | breathing in |
| breathing out | exhalation |
| rythmicity is controlled from | Medulla and pons |
| Impulses carried by the ____________ | pharnic nerve |
| Primary Muscle | Diaphragm, internal and external intercorsal muscles |
| Assists other muscles | Secondary Muscles |
| Inhalatins is also know as | Inspriration |
| The Diaphragm ___________ and ___________ which pulls chest cavitiy open | Contracts and flatens |
| Exhalation | muscles of inspirations relax |
| Forced exhalations inclued | Singing, talking, breathing, couging, sneezing |
| Pulmonary volumes | capacities of the lungs to hold air |
| Pulmonary volumes are measured how? | Spirometer |
| tidal volume | colume of air involved in one breath |
| Inspratory Reserve | volume you could inhale beyond normal tide |
| Expratory reserve | volume you could exhale beyond normal tide |
| Vital Capacity | sum of volume of tidal volume expiratory reserve and inspiriation reserve. |
| Residual air | volume left in lungs after maximum exhalation |
| Alveloar Ventialation | amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli |
| anatomic Dead | air Not in alveoli with inhalation |
| Physiolgical | volume in non functioning alveoli |
| normal extendibility (elasticity) o fthe lunchs and thoracic wall tha alow breathing | Compliance |
| Decreased with freactures, scoliocis, ascitesm pleurisy, _______________________ | anklyosing spondylitis |
| our bodies make energy by a process called what? | internal Respiratory |
| it uses O2 and expels | CO2 |
| Air is about ___________ O2 and 0.4%______ and ______ N2 | 21%, CO2, 78% |
| our bodies make energy by a process called __________________________. | Internal Respiratory |
| it uses __________ and expels ___________ | O2, CO2 |
| O2 and CO2 pass back and frth across the _______________ and _____________ was by diffusion | Capillary, alvelous |
| 98% of O2 is carrie d on a pigment called what | Hemoglobin |
| CO2 is also carried on hemoglobin only when an O2 ______________ | Leaves |
| Nervous Regulation | Located in medulla and pons |
| inspiration center | invoulantary generates impulses in rythmis spurts |
| Hering-Bruer infaltion reflex | Baroreceptors in lung tissie cause a negative feedback to prevent over inflation |
| Experation Center | activities active expiration when necessary. |
| 2 respiratory centers in the pons. what are they | Apneustic and pneumotaxic |
Created by:
hthacker1983
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