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Daniel's cards 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RHeumatic Fever | Fever Eryhtema marginatum Valvular disease ESR increased Red hot joints 9migratorary polyarthritis St. Vitus dance (chorea) Subcutnaoues nodules |
| pulsus paradoxus | asthma, OSA, cardiact tamoponade, pericarditis, croup |
| RNA polymerase 1 | synthesizes rRNA in nucleolus |
| RNA polymerase 2 | synthesizes mRNA - inhibited by alpha amanitin from death cap mushroom -> liver failure |
| RNA polymerase 3 | synthesize small RNA -> tRNA, 55 rRNA, snRNP |
| 3 D's of botulinism | dysphonia, dysphagia, diplopia |
| leading cause of bowel obstruction | femoral hernia |
| glucocorticoids effect on | porteolytic - muscle wasting - increased BUN 2. inhibit fibroblast and collage -> skin thinning wounds easy bruising |
| glucocorticoids | immunosuppressive -> inhibit phospholipase A2 -> decreased CT and PG |
| decreased bone mass -> decreased Ca,, inhibit osteoblast increased calcium excretion | glucocortoid effect |
| gluoconeogenesis and glycogenesis -> increased protein synthesisi -> insulin antagonist | hyperglycemia effect of glucocorticoids |
| what does the macula densa sense? | decreased Na delivery |
| where is the macula dense | distal tubule |
| what does the JG cells sense? | decreased BP |
| where are the JG cells | smooth muscle of afferent arteriole |
| low Cl- | metabolic alkalosis hypokalemia hypovolemia increased aldosterone |
| high cl | secondary to non-anion gap acidosis |
| high K+ | peaked T waves, arryhtmias, wide QRS |
| low k+ | flattened T waves, u wave, aryhtmias, paralysis |
| peptic ulcer tx | PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (metronidazole if allergic to penicillin) |
| gardner's syndrome | FAP osteomas desmoid tumors soft tissue tumors retinal hyperplasia |
| turcot's syndrome | FAP + CNS tumors |
| which type of Crigler najjar is less severe? | type 2 tx: phenobarbital - increaes liver enzyme synthesis |
| hypervariable pili | Neisseria |
| pvR | Pvr = ppulmartery-platrium / CO |
| IgG binding outer membrane protein | S. aureus protein A |
| plasma volume meausred by? | albumin |
| how do herpesviruses get their lipid bilayer envelop? | bud through and acquire it from host cell NUCLEAR membrane. (everyone else gets from plasma membrane) |
| extracellular V measured by? | inulin |
| tx of acute C. diphtheriae | diphtheria antitoxin (passive immunization) 2. penicillin or erythromycine 3. DPT vaccine (active immunization) |
| granulomatous inflammation of the media | giant cell arteritis (temporal or Takayasu) |
| Gardose channel blocker | prevent dehydration of RBCs by hindering efflux of K+ and water - thus decreased sickling in SC patients |
| mycobacterial cell wall composed of? | mycolic acid inhibited by INH |
| glucose clearance threshold | 160-200 mg/dL glucosuria begins |
| glucose Tm | 350 tranporters fully resaturated |
| live attenuated vaccines | Life! come watch small yellow chickens get baccinated with Sabins and MMR small box yellow fever chicken pox MMR Sabins |
| filtered load | GFR x Px |
| bronchopnuemonia organisms | S. aureus, H flu, klebsiella, s pyogenes 1. acute inflammatory infiltrates from bonchioles into adjacent alvoeli patchy > 1 lobes |
| light microscopy in shingles lesion | intranuclear inclusions in keratinocytes and multinucleated giant cells |
| gram positive spore forming anaerobic rods | clostridia |
| renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4 hyperkalemic | hypoaldosteronism or lack of collecting tubule response to aldosterone hyperkalemia and inhibition of NH4+ excretion in proximal tubule decreased urine pH due to decreased buffering capacity |
| heme -> biliverdin (greenish) | heme oxygenase |
| how much increase in Pco2 for every increased 1 mEq/l HCO3? | 0.7 |
| what kind of protein is the CFTR protein channel? | transmembraneATP gated Cl channel |
| most common malignancy in asbestos exposure | bronchogenic carcinoma (then mesothelioma) |
| mesolimbic mesocortical system | regulates behavior schizophrenia |
| How does a PE effect Abg? | PE -> acute V/Q mismatch -> hypoxemia -> hyperventilation -> respiratory alkalosis thus increased pH, decreased pAO2, decreased PaCO2, no change or decreased HCO3? |
| physiologic dead sapce | Vd = taco paco peco paco |
| acute urethritis | chlamydia and neisseria gonorrhea azithromycine, cetriaxone |
| actinic keratosis | precursor to SCC basal cell atypia increased risk sun exposure erythmatous papules with central scale sandpaper like texture cutaneous horn |
| reduced cholesterol stone formation in gallbladder | increased bile aid and increased phospholipid decreased cholesterol |
| V/Q -> O | shunt does not improve with 100% O2 |
| histone acetylation leads to? | euchromatin loosely arranged transcriptionally active |
| torsades de pointes | V tach (shifting sinusoidal waveforms on ECG) can progress to V-fib |
| Jarvell and Lange nielsen syndrome | congenital long QT syndrome (na or K channel deffective) severe congenital sensorineural deafness |
| myoglobin | has only 1 heme -> high O2 affinity high affinity -> left shift P50 = 1mmHg P50 for hemoglobin = 26 |
| product of which TCA step is used as a phosphate source for phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis? | succinyl coA --- > succinate produces a GTP |
| recombinant vaccines | HBv (HB2Ag) HPV (6,11,16,18) |
| diffusion equation | A/T * Dk (P1-P2) |
| diffusion effect of emphysema | decreased area |
| diffusion effect of fibrosis | increased thickness |
| lung compliance | change in volume for a given change in pressure decreased in pul fibrosis, decreased surfactant, decreased pulm edema |
| intracellular polyphosphate granules | C diphtheriae stain to see with methylene blue |
| pralidoxime | used with atropine for ACHE inhibitor poisoning restores ACHE from its bond to inhibitor (usually organophosphate) |
| long acting benzos | less addictive more severe daytime drowsiness flurazepam, diazepam, clorazepate chlordiazepoxide |
| RPF | RPF = RBF (1-Hc) |
| Winter's formula | PaCO2 = 1.5*HCo3- + 8 note: during metabolic acidosis, when PaCO2 is above the range, there is superimposed respiratory acidosis and failure |
| hepatic granulomatosis | methyldopa hydralazine quinidine |
| reye syndrome | microvesicular fatty change |
| MS | incontinence, intention tremor, internuclear opthalmoplegia scanning speech nystagmus optic neuritis sensory deficits worse in heat |
| exemestene | aromatase inhibitor anastrozole |
| massive hepatic necrosis centrilobular hepatic necrosis halothane metabolite and formed autoantibodies cause damage | halothane SE |
| auspitz sign | psoriasis bleeding where scales on skin lesions taken off |
| pineal germinoma | precocious puberty - via beta hCG obstructive hydrocephalus - aqueduct compression parinaud syndrome - paralysis upward gaze and convergence compression of tectal area of midbrain |
| macular degeneration | dry - slow progression, fat and pigment deposition |
| fast progression of macular degeneration | wet neovascularization VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) tx: anti VEGF - ranibuzumab and pegaptanib |
| sweat gland apocrine | secrete into hair follicles initially odorless, malodoroous post bacterial decomposiion on skin surfaces breast areaoli, axilla, genitals |
| sweat eccrine | moist skin NaCL sweat to skin |
| sweat holocrine | sebaceous gland |
| cholestyramine | bile acid binding resin liver uses cholesterol to make more, thus decreased LDL liver also makes more VLDL INCREASED trigylcerides cholesterol gallstones GI upset, malabsorption |
| number needed to treat | NNT = 1/ARR ARR = a/a+b - c/c+d |
| pentazocine | partial agonist and weak antagonist at mu receptor withdrawal symptoms in patients tolerant to opiods that are selective mu agonists |
| actinic keratosis | small rough erythematous or brownish papules sun exposure basal cell atypia hyperkeratosis (hyperplasia of s. corneum) parakeratosis (abnormal nuclei in s. corneum) |
| CMv | herpesviridae 5 yes envelope DS linear AIDS retinitis congenital defects (sightomegavirus) |
| papillary thyroid carcinoma | braching papillae with fibrovascular stalk lined by cuboidal cells ground glass appearing nuclei psamomma bodies (calcium) |
| traveler's diarrhea | ETEC heat labile enterotoxin - increased cAMP heat stabile enterotoxin - increased cGMP cholera like toxin |
| acute pericarditis fibrinous | uremia, radiation, dressler's |
| serous pericarditis | autimmune - i.e. SLE; inflammatory disease |
| injection of buttock damage the gluteal nerves | superior medial |
| sciatic nerve in butt | inferomedial part |
| rheumatic heart disease lead to waht in younger patients? | MR |
| rheumatic fever in older patient | MS |
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | friedriech's ataxia AD |
| dilated cardiomyopathy | Alcohol wet beriberi chagas cocaine coxsackie B virus doxorubicin hemochromatosis peripartum cardiomyopathy |
| restrictive CMP | sarcoidosis amyloidosis postradiation fibrosis endocardial fibroelastosis (young children) loffler's syndrome (fibrosis with eosinophils) hemochromatosis |
| how does panic attack effect AbG and cerebral blood flow? | hyperventilation -> decreased CO2 -> cerebral vasoconstriction -> decreased cerebral blood flow |
| aschoff bodies | granuloma with giant cells rheumatic fever |
| anitshkow's cells | activated histiocytes in rheumatic fever |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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