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CMCCellsandTissues
Cells and tissues.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cytoplasm | Liquid portion of the cell that holds organelles. |
Organelles | Specialized small organs that perform specific functions. |
Nucleus | Centre part of cell that houses DNA and controls cell. |
Plasma Membrane | Surrounds the cell and regulates what goes in and out. |
Tissues | Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function. |
Epithelial Tissue | The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body. |
Epithelial Tissue: Function | Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion. |
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 1 | Cells fit closely together and often form sheets. |
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 2 | The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue. |
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 3 | The lower surface of the epithelial rests on a basement membrane. |
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 4 | Avascular (no blood supply). |
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 5 | Regenerate easily if well-nourished. |
Simple | One layer of cells. |
Stratified | Multiple layers. |
Squamous | Flat fish-like cells. |
Cuboidal | Cube-shaped cells. |
Columnar | Shaped like columns. |
Simple Squamous | Single layer of flat cells, usually forms membranes. |
Simple Squamous: Location | Lines body cavities, lines lungs and capillaries. |
Simple Cuboidal | Single layer of cube-like cells. |
Simple Cuboidal: Location | Common in glands and their ducts. Forms walls of kidney tubules, covers the ovaries. |
Simple Columnar | Single layer of tall cells, often including mucus-producing goblet cells. |
Simple Columnar: Location | Lines digestive tract. |
Pseudostratified Columnar | Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others; often looks like a double layer of cells. Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract. May function in absorption or secretion. |
Stratified Squamous | Cells at the apical surface are flattened. |
Stratified Squamous: Location | Found as a protective covering where friction is common --skin, mouth, esophagus. |
Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar | Rare in human body, found mainly in ducts of large glands. |
Transitional Epithelium | Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching. |
Transitional Epithelium: Location | Lines organs of the urinary system. |
Endocrine Gland | Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels. All secretions are hormones. |
Exocrine Gland | Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. Include sweat and oil glands. |
Connective Tissue: Function | Connects body tissue, supports and protects. |
Bone (Osseous Tissue): Composed Of | Bone cells in lacunae (cavities). Hard matrix of calcium salts. Large number of collagen fibres. |
Bone (Osseous Tissue): Function | To protect and support the body. |
Hyaline Cartilage | Most common. Composed of Abundant collagen fibres, rubbery matrix. |
Hyaline Cartilage: Location | Larynx, Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth. |
Fibrocartilage | Highly compressible. |
Fibrocartilage: Location | Cushion-like discs between vertebrae. |
Dense Fibrous Tissue | Main matrix element is collagen fibre. Fibroblasts are cells that make fibres. |
Dense Fibrous Tissue: Location | Tendons, ligaments, dermis. |
Loose Connective Tissue Types (List) | Areolar, Adipose, Reticular, Blood. |
Areolar | Most widely distributed connective tissue. Soft, pliable tissue-like "cobwebs". Functions as packing tissue. |
Adipose (FAT) | Matrix is an areolar tissue. Many cells contain large lipid deposits. |
Adipose (FAT): Function | Insulate the body, protect some organs. Serves as a site of fuel storage. |
Reticular | Delicate network of interwoven fibres. Forms stroma of lymphoid organs. |
Stroma | Internal supporting network. |
Lymphoid Organs | Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow. |
Blood (Vascular Tissue) | Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma. Fibres are visible during clotting. |
Blood (Vascular Tissue): Function | Transport vehicle for materials. |
Muscle Tissue | Contracts and shortens to produce movement. |
Skeletal Muscle: Location | On the skeleton. |
Skeletal Muscle: Characteristics (4) | Voluntary, striated, multinucleate, long/cylindrical. |
Cardiac Muscle: Location | Heart. |
Cardiac Muscle: Characteristics (cells) (4) | Involuntary, cells are attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks, striated, one nucleus per cell. |
Smooth Muscle: Location | Walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, blood vessels. |
Smooth Muscle: Characterstics (cells) (4) | Involuntary, no visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped cells. |
Nervous Tissue | Consists of neurons, nerves, spinal column. |
Nervous Tissue: Function | Irritability and conductivity --sending and receiving signals. |
Striated | Stripes. |
Multinucleate | More than one nucleus. |