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CMCCellsandTissues

Cells and tissues.

QuestionAnswer
Cytoplasm Liquid portion of the cell that holds organelles.
Organelles Specialized small organs that perform specific functions.
Nucleus Centre part of cell that houses DNA and controls cell.
Plasma Membrane Surrounds the cell and regulates what goes in and out.
Tissues Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function.
Epithelial Tissue The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.
Epithelial Tissue: Function Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion.
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 1 Cells fit closely together and often form sheets.
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 2 The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue.
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 3 The lower surface of the epithelial rests on a basement membrane.
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 4 Avascular (no blood supply).
Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 5 Regenerate easily if well-nourished.
Simple One layer of cells.
Stratified Multiple layers.
Squamous Flat fish-like cells.
Cuboidal Cube-shaped cells.
Columnar Shaped like columns.
Simple Squamous Single layer of flat cells, usually forms membranes.
Simple Squamous: Location Lines body cavities, lines lungs and capillaries.
Simple Cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells.
Simple Cuboidal: Location Common in glands and their ducts. Forms walls of kidney tubules, covers the ovaries.
Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells, often including mucus-producing goblet cells.
Simple Columnar: Location Lines digestive tract.
Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others; often looks like a double layer of cells. Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract. May function in absorption or secretion.
Stratified Squamous Cells at the apical surface are flattened.
Stratified Squamous: Location Found as a protective covering where friction is common --skin, mouth, esophagus.
Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar Rare in human body, found mainly in ducts of large glands.
Transitional Epithelium Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching.
Transitional Epithelium: Location Lines organs of the urinary system.
Endocrine Gland Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels. All secretions are hormones.
Exocrine Gland Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. Include sweat and oil glands.
Connective Tissue: Function Connects body tissue, supports and protects.
Bone (Osseous Tissue): Composed Of Bone cells in lacunae (cavities). Hard matrix of calcium salts. Large number of collagen fibres.
Bone (Osseous Tissue): Function To protect and support the body.
Hyaline Cartilage Most common. Composed of Abundant collagen fibres, rubbery matrix.
Hyaline Cartilage: Location Larynx, Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth.
Fibrocartilage Highly compressible.
Fibrocartilage: Location Cushion-like discs between vertebrae.
Dense Fibrous Tissue Main matrix element is collagen fibre. Fibroblasts are cells that make fibres.
Dense Fibrous Tissue: Location Tendons, ligaments, dermis.
Loose Connective Tissue Types (List) Areolar, Adipose, Reticular, Blood.
Areolar Most widely distributed connective tissue. Soft, pliable tissue-like "cobwebs". Functions as packing tissue.
Adipose (FAT) Matrix is an areolar tissue. Many cells contain large lipid deposits.
Adipose (FAT): Function Insulate the body, protect some organs. Serves as a site of fuel storage.
Reticular Delicate network of interwoven fibres. Forms stroma of lymphoid organs.
Stroma Internal supporting network.
Lymphoid Organs Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.
Blood (Vascular Tissue) Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma. Fibres are visible during clotting.
Blood (Vascular Tissue): Function Transport vehicle for materials.
Muscle Tissue Contracts and shortens to produce movement.
Skeletal Muscle: Location On the skeleton.
Skeletal Muscle: Characteristics (4) Voluntary, striated, multinucleate, long/cylindrical.
Cardiac Muscle: Location Heart.
Cardiac Muscle: Characteristics (cells) (4) Involuntary, cells are attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks, striated, one nucleus per cell.
Smooth Muscle: Location Walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, blood vessels.
Smooth Muscle: Characterstics (cells) (4) Involuntary, no visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped cells.
Nervous Tissue Consists of neurons, nerves, spinal column.
Nervous Tissue: Function Irritability and conductivity --sending and receiving signals.
Striated Stripes.
Multinucleate More than one nucleus.
Created by: UtauxIkuto
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