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CMCCellsandTissues
Cells and tissues.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cytoplasm | Liquid portion of the cell that holds organelles. |
| Organelles | Specialized small organs that perform specific functions. |
| Nucleus | Centre part of cell that houses DNA and controls cell. |
| Plasma Membrane | Surrounds the cell and regulates what goes in and out. |
| Tissues | Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function. |
| Epithelial Tissue | The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body. |
| Epithelial Tissue: Function | Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion. |
| Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 1 | Cells fit closely together and often form sheets. |
| Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 2 | The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue. |
| Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 3 | The lower surface of the epithelial rests on a basement membrane. |
| Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 4 | Avascular (no blood supply). |
| Epithelial Tissue: Characteristic 5 | Regenerate easily if well-nourished. |
| Simple | One layer of cells. |
| Stratified | Multiple layers. |
| Squamous | Flat fish-like cells. |
| Cuboidal | Cube-shaped cells. |
| Columnar | Shaped like columns. |
| Simple Squamous | Single layer of flat cells, usually forms membranes. |
| Simple Squamous: Location | Lines body cavities, lines lungs and capillaries. |
| Simple Cuboidal | Single layer of cube-like cells. |
| Simple Cuboidal: Location | Common in glands and their ducts. Forms walls of kidney tubules, covers the ovaries. |
| Simple Columnar | Single layer of tall cells, often including mucus-producing goblet cells. |
| Simple Columnar: Location | Lines digestive tract. |
| Pseudostratified Columnar | Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others; often looks like a double layer of cells. Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract. May function in absorption or secretion. |
| Stratified Squamous | Cells at the apical surface are flattened. |
| Stratified Squamous: Location | Found as a protective covering where friction is common --skin, mouth, esophagus. |
| Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar | Rare in human body, found mainly in ducts of large glands. |
| Transitional Epithelium | Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching. |
| Transitional Epithelium: Location | Lines organs of the urinary system. |
| Endocrine Gland | Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels. All secretions are hormones. |
| Exocrine Gland | Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. Include sweat and oil glands. |
| Connective Tissue: Function | Connects body tissue, supports and protects. |
| Bone (Osseous Tissue): Composed Of | Bone cells in lacunae (cavities). Hard matrix of calcium salts. Large number of collagen fibres. |
| Bone (Osseous Tissue): Function | To protect and support the body. |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Most common. Composed of Abundant collagen fibres, rubbery matrix. |
| Hyaline Cartilage: Location | Larynx, Entire fetal skeleton prior to birth. |
| Fibrocartilage | Highly compressible. |
| Fibrocartilage: Location | Cushion-like discs between vertebrae. |
| Dense Fibrous Tissue | Main matrix element is collagen fibre. Fibroblasts are cells that make fibres. |
| Dense Fibrous Tissue: Location | Tendons, ligaments, dermis. |
| Loose Connective Tissue Types (List) | Areolar, Adipose, Reticular, Blood. |
| Areolar | Most widely distributed connective tissue. Soft, pliable tissue-like "cobwebs". Functions as packing tissue. |
| Adipose (FAT) | Matrix is an areolar tissue. Many cells contain large lipid deposits. |
| Adipose (FAT): Function | Insulate the body, protect some organs. Serves as a site of fuel storage. |
| Reticular | Delicate network of interwoven fibres. Forms stroma of lymphoid organs. |
| Stroma | Internal supporting network. |
| Lymphoid Organs | Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow. |
| Blood (Vascular Tissue) | Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma. Fibres are visible during clotting. |
| Blood (Vascular Tissue): Function | Transport vehicle for materials. |
| Muscle Tissue | Contracts and shortens to produce movement. |
| Skeletal Muscle: Location | On the skeleton. |
| Skeletal Muscle: Characteristics (4) | Voluntary, striated, multinucleate, long/cylindrical. |
| Cardiac Muscle: Location | Heart. |
| Cardiac Muscle: Characteristics (cells) (4) | Involuntary, cells are attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks, striated, one nucleus per cell. |
| Smooth Muscle: Location | Walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, blood vessels. |
| Smooth Muscle: Characterstics (cells) (4) | Involuntary, no visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped cells. |
| Nervous Tissue | Consists of neurons, nerves, spinal column. |
| Nervous Tissue: Function | Irritability and conductivity --sending and receiving signals. |
| Striated | Stripes. |
| Multinucleate | More than one nucleus. |
Created by:
UtauxIkuto
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