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Life Science BTC1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| serves both as an immediate defense against infection and as the foundation for adaptive immune defenses | Innate Immunity |
| cellular ingestion and digestion of bacteria and other foreign substances | Phagocytosis |
| detect fungal or bacterial components with a number of receptors | Phagocytic cells |
| causes a potted plant that has fallen over to begin to grow upwards again | Gravity |
| the broad pattern of evolution above the species level | Macroevolution |
| changes over time in allele frequencies in a population | Microevolution |
| process by which one species splits into two or more species | Speciation |
| causes plants to bend towards the light | Phototropism |
| relatively constant chemical and physical conditions in the cells, tissues, and organs of an animal | Homeostasis |
| corrective response in the homeostatic system where effectors reduce or oppose a change in internal conditions | Negative feedback |
| in homeostatic systems, a physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change | Positive feedback |
| homeostatic system, perceive changes in a parameter | Sensor |
| homeostatic system, compares sensor input to set point. Instructs effectors | Integrator |
| homeostatic system, changes parameter to return it to set point | Effector |
| all living and non-living organisms that interact with each other | Ecosystem |
| a group of individuals of the same species | Population |
| all living organisms that interact in a specific area | Community |
| A major regional or global biotic community, such as a grassland or desert, characterized chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate | Biome |
| terms Mendel used to describe specific traits | Recessive and Dominant |
| Light reactions in photosynthesis produce _____? | ATP and NADPH |
| What provides electrons for light reactions in photosynthesis? | water |
| Light reactions in photosynthesis take place in the ______? | Thylakoids |
| The Calvin Cycle takes place in the ______? | Stroma |
| What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle? | NADPH |
| What provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle? | Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| What connects the two photosystems in the light reactions? | An electron transport chain |
| In which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place? | Chloroplasts |
| The process that takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? | Glycolysis |
| In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? | Mitochondria |
| This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. | Citric Acid Cycle |
| This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. | Glycolysis |
| This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. | Electron Transport Chain |
| The structural framework in a cell is the _____? | Cytoskeleton |
| Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? | Nucleus |
| Where in a cell is ATP made? | mitochondria |
| What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? | mRNA |
| One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by | Ribosomes |
| Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? | Golgi Apparatus |
| Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? | Lysosomes |
| Where are lipids made in the cell? | Smooth ER |
| What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? | Plasma Membrane |
| Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? | Mitochondrion |
| The plant cell wall ______? | is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. |
| What is a main function of the central vacuole? | store compounds produced by the cell |
| Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? | converts light energy to chemical energy. |
| What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? | chromosomes must be duplicated |
| The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis? | Prophase |
| The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase |
| The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis? | Anaphase |
| The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis? | Telophase |
| At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________. | Cytokinesis |
| Crossing-Over occurs during ______? | Fertilization |
| Mendels terms for inheritance? | Dominant and Recessive |
| 1 organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped | Commensalism |
| both organisms benefit | Mutualism |
| What are the main functions of lipids? | insulation, energy storage, protection of organs, and production of hormones |
| What is the end result of DNA replication? | 1 strand of old DNA and 1 strand of new DNA |
| What are the 3 major niches of an ecosystem? | producers, consumers, and decomposers |
| 1 organism benefits while the other is harmed | Parasitism |
| 1 organism kills and eats another organism | Predation |
| What is the main function of ribosomes? | to produce proteins |
| What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus? | to sort and package |
| What is the main function of the Mitochondria? | energy production |
| What is the main function of the cell membrane? | protection |
| DNA composition | double-helix, double-stranded, thymine, deoxyribose |
| RNA composition | ribose, uracil, single-stranded |
| 3 important roles of mitosis | Asexual reproduction, growth, and repair/replacement |
| meiosis produces _____? | haploid gametes |
| Allows for ATP to be continually produced in the absence of oxygen | Fermentation |
| a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits | Natural Selection |
| the transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes | Gene Flow |
| Most pronounced on small populations. A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. | Genetic Drift |
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antwan623
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