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Metabolic cond.
The Child with a Metabolic condition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 Major control systems that monitor the functions of the body | Nervous system and the Endocrine system |
| Chemical substances produced by the glands | Hormones |
| An organ specifically influenced by a certain hormone | Target organ |
| Most of the glands and structures of the endocrine system develop during | The 1st trimester of fetal development |
| Hormonal control is immature until | At least 18 months of age |
| What may occur as a result of an absent, nonfunctioning thyroid gland | Congenital hypothyroidism |
| Early signs of an inborn error of metabolism in the newborn | Lethargy, poor feeding, failure to thrive, vomiting, and an enlarged liver |
| Signs of metabolic dysfunction | Unexplained mental retardation, developmental delay, convulsions, odor to the body or urine, vomiting |
| Important screening device for identifying an enzyme deficiency | PKU testing |
| An enzyme necessary for the metabolism of fats | Hexosaminidase |
| Involves a deficiency of hexosaminidase | Tay-Sachs disease |
| The infant with Tay-Sachs disease is normal until | 5 to 6 months |
| TRUE or FALSE. Most children with Tay-Sachs disease die before 5 years of age from secondary infection or malnutrition | TRUE |
| Treatment for Tay-sach's disease | There is NO treatment |
| Occurs when there is a deficiency in the secretions of the thyroid | Hypothyroidism (congenital or acquired) |
| Acquired by the older child, may be caused by lymphocytic thyroiditis | Juvenile hypothyroidism |
| Manifestations of hypothyroidism in infants | Sluggish, enlarged tongue, dry skin, no perspiration, cold hands and feet |
| Treatments of hypothyroidism | Synthetic hormone sodium levothyroxine |
| Can be hereditary or acquired as the result of a head injury or tumor | Diabetes insipidus |
| Signs of Diabetes insipidus | Polydipsia and polyuria |
| Treatment of Diabets insipidus | Involves hormone replacement of vasopressin in the form of desmopressin by subcantaneous injection or DDAVP nasal spray |
| A chronic metabolic syndrome in which the body is unable to use carbohydrates properly, leading to an impairment of glucose transport | Diabetes mellitus (DM) |
| Incomplete fat metabolism produces ketone bodies that accumulate in the blood | Ketonemia |
| An autoimmune condition that occurs when a child with a genetic predisposition is exposed to an environmental factor such as viral infection that trigger the syndrome | Type 1 DM |
| Involves a resistance to insulin; often aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle and obesity | Type 2 DM |
| Manifestations of Type 1 DM | Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyuria (urine frequently), polyphagia (constantly hungry), lethargy, weakness, weight loss, hyperglycemia |
| Diagnostic Blood tests for Type 1 DM | Blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin test |
| May be obtained at any time and requires no preparation of the patient | Blood glucose |
| A standard and reliable test for diabetes; measured in the fasting patient | Fasting blood glucose |
| Used to determine the amount of glucose in the blood; results are plotted on a graph | Glucose Tolerance test |
| Reflects glycemic levels over a period of months; Values are found to be elevated in virtually all children with newly diagnoses diabetes | Glycosylated hemoglobin test |
| Referred to as diabetic coma | Ketoacidosis |
| Symptoms of ketoacidosis | Fruity odor to the breath, nausea, decreased level of consciousness, and dehydration |
| 3 goals of treatment in Type 1 DM | 1. Ensure normal growth and development through metabolic control 2. Enable the child to cope with a chronic illness 3. Prevent complications |
| Provides readouts and automatically store data by time and date | Glucometer systems |
| Refers to changes that can occcur in the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site | Lipoatrophy |
| Types of insulin | Short-acting; Rapid-acting; Intermediate-Acting; Long-acting |
| Short-Acting Insulin | Humulin R- onset 30-60 min; Peak 2-5 hrs; Duration 5 to 8 hrs |
| Rebound hyperglycemia; occurs when blood glucose levels are lowered to a point at which the body's counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon) are released | Somogyi phenomenon |
| Recommended for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia | Glucagon |
| When early morning elevations of blood glucose occur without preceding hypoglycemia and may be a response to growth hormone secretion that occurs in the early morning hours | Dawn phenomenon |
Created by:
vandas
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