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Biology: Vocab
chapter 17-20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific name of modern humans? | homo sapiens |
| What is the language of scientific names? | latin |
| Aristotle | developed the first system of classification |
| Linnaeus | developed a system of classifying organisms based on their physical and structured similarities |
| Genus | consists of a group of similar species |
| Classification | grouping objects or information based on similarities |
| Taxonomy | branch of biology that groups and names organisms |
| Binomial Nomenclature | naming system that gives each organism a two-word name |
| Taxons in order | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. |
| Human Taxon names in order | Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primates, Hominidae, Homo, Homo Sapiens |
| Dichotomus Key | a set of paired statements that can be used to identify organisms |
| Virus Structure | inner core of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, and an outer protein coat called a capsid |
| Virus Shape | determined by the arrangement of the proteins in the capsid |
| Virus Size | can only be see with an electron microscope |
| Lytic Cycle | viral nucleic acid causes the host cell to produce new virus particles that are than released, killing the host cell |
| Lysogenic cycle | viral nucleic acid becomes part of the hosts chromosome for a while, and later may enter the lytic cycle |
| Viral Infections(5) | common cold, influenza, polio, small pox, warts |
| Bacteria Kingdom | Archaebacteria: unicellular prokaryotes Eubacteria: microscopic prokaryotes cells, most are unicellular |
| Bacteria Shapes | round, rod, spiral |
| Bacteria Nutrition | heterotropic or autotropic, |
| Bacteria Reproduction | Binary fission |
| Binary Fission | asexual reproduction in which one cell divides into two genetically identical cells |
| Obligate Aerobes | requires oxygen to live |
| Obligate Anaerobes | cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
| Facultative anaerobes | live either with or without oxygen |
| Helpful Bacteria(2) | Food: Swiss geese, crispy pickles Medicine: Antibiotics |
| Bacterial Infections(5) | cholera, scarlet fever, tetanus, strep throat, cavities |
| Kingdom Protista | eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic |
| Protozoans | animal-like protists, unicellular heterotrophs, many are grouped according to the way they move |
| Amoebas | uses pseudopodia to move and engulf prey |
| pseudopodia | extensions of the plasma membrane |
| Ciliates | paramecium: uses cilia that covers their body to move |
| Sporozoans | plasmodium: causes malaria |
| Algae: plantlike protists | photosynthetic autotrophs, unicellular and multicellular, grouped by structure and the pigments they contain |
| Euglenoids | Euglena |
| Dinoflagellates | red tide |
| Types of algae | red, brown , and green |
| Green algae | chlamydomonas, spirogyra, volvox, oedogonium |
| Chlamydomonas | unicellular and flagullated green alga |
| spirogyra | filament (end to end chain) |
| Volvox | colony |
| odedogonium | filament |
| funguslike protists | they are all heterotrophs |
| fungi characteristics | most are unicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophs, extracellular digestion, cell walls of most fungi are made of chitin, spores |
| hyphae | threadlike structural units |
| Helpful Fungi(2) | recycle nutrients: decomposers food: mushrooms |
| Harmful Fungi(2) | spoiled food plant diseases |
| contractile vacuole | collects and pumps out excess water |
| Rhizoids | anchor, the sight of extra cellular digestion and absorption |
| Examples of fungi | mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, black bread mold, penicillium, yeasts |
| Lichen | a symbiotic association between a fungus and a cyanobacterium or green alga |
| Cyanobacterium or green alga | provides food |
| Fungus | provide water and minerals for the cyanobaterium/ green alga and protects it from environmental changes |
Created by:
Devan15
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