Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cardiovas. Disorder
The Child with a Cardiovascular Disorder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does the cardiovascular system develop? | Between the 3rd and 8th week of gestation |
| Signs related to suspected cardiac pathology to report | Failure to thrive, Cyanosis, pallor, tachypnea, dyspnea, irregular pulse rate, clubbing of fingers, fatigue during feeding or activity, excessive perspiration, visual pulsations in the neck veins |
| Causes of Congenital heart defects | Genetic or maternal factors, or environmental factors (drugs,rubella) |
| TRUE or FALSE. Congenital heart defects are NOT a problem for the fetus because the fetal-maternal circulation compensates for all fetal oxygen needs | TRUE |
| Of the congenital anomalies, what is the principal cause of death during the first year of life | Heart defects |
| How is congenital heart disease treated? | Surgery. Thoracotomy (chest incision) |
| Reduces the temperature of body tissues, resulting in a decreased need for oxygen | Hypothermia |
| 2 categories of Congenital heart defects | Cyanotic and acyanotic |
| The study of blood circulation | hemodynamics |
| Refers to the flow of blood through an abnormal opening between 2 vessels of the heart | Shunt |
| Congenital heart defects that cause the blood to return to the right ventricle and recirculate through the lungs before exiting the left ventricle throught the aorta are known as | Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow |
| TRUE or FALSE. In congenital heart disease, cyanosis is NOT ALWAYS a clinical sign | TRUE |
| Involves an abnormal opening between the right and left atria | Atrial Septal Defect |
| TRUE or FALSE. Most patients have symptoms of atrial septal defect | FALSE |
| Diagnostic tests used to confirm atrial septal disease | Cardiac catherization, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography |
| What is usually prescribed for 6 months after repair in atrial septal defect? | Low-dose aspirin therapy |
| Most common heart anomaly | Ventricular septal defect |
| Characteristic of Ventricular septal defect | Loud, harsh murmur combined with a systolic thrill |
| Treatment for Ventricular septal defect | Open heart surgery |
| The passageway through which the blood crosses from the pulmonary artery to the aorta and avoids the deflated lungs | Ductus arteriosus |
| The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth, what happens whe it does NOT close? | Blood continues to pass from the aorta, where the pressure is higher, into the pulmonary artery |
| Symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | May go unnoticed during infancy |
| PDA occurs twice as frequently in ____ as is in ____ | Girls; Boys |
| Means "a tightening" | Coarctation |
| Characteristic symptoms of coarctation of the aorta are | A marked difference in the blood pressure and pulses of the upper and lower extremities |
| If coarctation of the aorta is untreated what can develop? | Hypertension, CHF, and infective endocarditis |
| Treatment for Coarctation of the aorta for older children | Percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stents can be inserted to maintain patency. |
| What occurs when a congenital heart anomaly allows blood that has not passed through the lungs to enter the aorta and the general circulation | A decrease in pulmonary blood flow |
| What is cyanosis caused by the presence of unoxygenated blood in the circulation is a characteristic of what? | Congenital heart anomaly |
| Tetra means | Four |
| 4 defects of Tetralogy of Fallot | 1. Stenosis or narrowing of the pulmonary artery 2. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle 3. Dextroposition of the aorta 4. VSD |
| Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot | Cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers and toes, feeding problems, growth retardation |
| What position would a child rests to breathe more easily in Tetralogy of Fallot | Squatting |
| Paroxysmal hypercyanotic episodes are also known as | "Tet" spells |
| Diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot | Chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, 3-dimensional echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization |
| Thickened blood as a result of increased RBCs | Polycythermia |
| Surgical procedure for newborns or premature infants in Tetralogy of Fallot | Blalock-Taussig |
| After catherization for congenital heart defects, what does nursing care involves | Monitoring vital signs, observing for thrombosis formation, and performing neurovascular checks |
| TRUE or FALSE. Immunizations after cardiac transplantation should be continued | FALSE. Immunizations must be placed on hold |
| Why is dental care in children with heart disease important? | To prevent bacteremia, which can cause bacterial endocarditis |
| Aimed at preventing anemia and promoting optimal growth and development | Nutritional guidance |
| Which side of the heart moves unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation in congestive heart failure | Right |
| Which side of the heart moves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation in congestive heart failure | Left |
| Early signs of CHF | Tachycardia at rest, fatigure during feeding, sweating around scalp and forehead, dyspnea, weight gain |
| The amount of blood ejected during one contraction | Stroke volume |
| Treatment for Congestive heart failure (CHF) | Reduce the work of the heart, improve respiration, maintain proper nutrition, prevent infection, reduce anxiety, support and instuct parents |
| TRUE or FALSE. A complete bath and linen change for an infant with a serious heart defect may NOT be a priority. | TRUE |
| Systemic disease involving the joints, hearts, central nervous, skin, and subcutaneous tissus. | Rheumatic fever |
| Group of disorders Rheumatic fever belongs to | Collagen diseases |
| Symptoms of Rheumatic fever | Migatory polyarthritis (wandering joint pains), skin eruptions, chorea, and inflammation of the heart; fever, fatigue, anorexia, nosebleeds |
| Myocardial lesions | Aschoff's bodies |
| Diagnosis of rheumatic fever | X-rays, throat cultue, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiogram |
| Treatment of rheumatic fever | Penicillin, antibacterial therapy, physical and mental rest, management of cardiac failure |
| Prevention of Rheumatic fever | Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal |
| TRUE or FALSE. Congenital heart defects that result in a recirculation of blood to the lungs do not usually produce cyanosis as a clinical sign | TRUE |
| The major Jones criteria diagnostic of rheumatic fever include | Polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, Sydenham's chorea, and rheumatic carditis |
| TRUE or FALSE. A child under age 2 years should have a fat-restricted diet. | FALSE |
Created by:
vandas
Popular Nursing sets