Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cholinergics
One Liners
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention | Bethanechol |
| Only direct acting agent that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma | Pilocarpine |
| This agent used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome | Cevimeline |
| Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis | Edrophonium |
| Carbamate with intermediate action, used for+A1170 postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention | Neostigmine |
| Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions | Physostigmine |
| Treatment of myasthenia gravis | Pyridostigmine |
| Antiglaucoma organophosphate | Echothiophate |
| Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma | Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors |
| Scabicide organophosphate | Malathion |
| Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA | Metrifonate |
| Toxicity of organophosphate: | DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating) |
| The most frequent cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity | Respiratory failure |
| The most toxic organophosphate | Parathion |
| Treatment of choice for organophosphate overdose | Atropine |
| This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure | Pralidoxime |
| Prototypical drug is atropine | Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists |
| Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS | Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl |
| Treatment of motion sickness | Scopolamine, meclizine |
| Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia | Atropine, homatropine,C1208 tropicamide |
| Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD | Ipratropium |
| Reduce transient hyper GI motility | Dicyclomine, methscopolamine |
| Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence | Oxybutynin, dicyclomine |
| Toxicity of anticholinergics | block SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation |
| Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity | "dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat" |
| Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group | Infants |
| Contraindications to use of atropine | Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy |
| Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate | Severe hypertension |
| Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers | Cholinesterase inhibitors |
| Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis | Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers |
| Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use; has short duration of action | Succinylcholine |
| Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred) | Cholinesterase regenerators, pralidoxime |
| Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion | Pralidoxime, atropine |
| Pneumonic for beta receptors | You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2) |
| This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock | Epinephrine |
| Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction | Amphetamines |
| Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia | Phenylephrine |
| Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by acting to | Reduce aqueous secretion |
| Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis | Albuterol |
| Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma | Salmeterol |
| These agents increase cardiac output and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock | Beta1 agonists |
| These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestants, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion | Alpha1 agonists |
| Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by | Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines |
| Epinephrine is often mixed with a local anesthetic to | Reduce the loss from area of injection |
| Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with | Midodrine |
| Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus | Terbutaline |
| Sympathetic agent which stimulates heart rate and can dilate vessels in skeletal muscle at low doses | Epinephrine |
| Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators | Epinephrine |
| Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow | Dopamine |
| Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance | Dobutamine |
| Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis | Ephedrine |
| Alpha 1 agonist toxicity | Hypertension |
| Beta 1 agonist toxicity | Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias |
| Beta 2 agonist toxicity | Skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia |
| The selective agents loose their selectivity at | high doses |
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis | Phenoxybenzamine |
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena | Phentolamine |
| Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension | Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin |
| elective Alpha-1A blocker, used for BPH, but with little effect on HTN | Tamsulosin |
| Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness) | Yohimbine |
| SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma | Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol |
| Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF | Labetalol and carvedilol |
| eta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma | Pindolol and acebutolol |
| This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (a property which decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma | Timolol |
| This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting (minutes) | Esmolol |
| This beta blocker is the longest acting | Nadolol |
| These beta blockers are less lipid soluble | Acebutolol and atenolol |
| This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares | Propranolol |
| Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, chronic CHF, and selected post MI patients | Beta blockers |
| Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF; signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety) | Beta blockers |
| Cholinomimetics that increase outflow, open trabecular meshwork, and cause ciliary muscle contraction | Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine |
| Nonselective alpha agonists that increases outflow, probably via the uveoscleral veins | Epinephrine, dipivefrin |
| Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion | Apraclonidine, brimonidine |
| These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion | Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective) |
| This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis | Acetazolamide |
| This agent cause increased aqueous outflow | Prostaglandin PGF2a |
Created by:
tessah10
Popular USMLE sets