Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Opoids
OneLiners
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons | Ascending pathways |
| Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release | Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors |
| Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization | Postsynaptic Mu receptors |
| Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except | Miosis and constipation |
| All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction | Meperidine |
| SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone | Opioid Analgesics |
| Strong opioid agonists | Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl |
| Opioids used in anesthesia | Morphine and fentanyl |
| Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states | Methadone |
| Opioid available trans-dermally | Fentanyl |
| Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema | Morphine |
| Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome | Meperidine |
| Moderate opioid agonists | Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone |
| Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures | Propoxyphene |
| Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal | Buprenorphine |
| Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA | Naloxone |
| Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs | Naltrexone |
| These agents are used as antitussive | Dextromethorphan, Codeine |
| These agents are used as antidiarrheal | Diphenoxylate, Loperamide |
| Inhalant anesthetics | NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether |
| Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation | Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents |
| Cause dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing | Organic nitrites |
| Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression | Steroids |
| Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include | Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses |
| Most commonly abused in health care professionals | Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl |
| This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence | IV administration |
| Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death | Overdose of opioids |
| Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome | Abstinence syndrome |
| Treatment for opioid addiction | Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction |
| This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict | Naloxone |
| Sedative-Hypnotics action | Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation |
| Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents | CNS depressants |
| Common mechanism by which overdose result in death | Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers |
| "Date rape drug" | Flunitrazepam (rohypnol) |
| The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome | Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures) |
| Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves | Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol |
| These agents are CNS depressants | Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines |
| Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache | Caffeine |
| W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort | Nicotine |
| Treatments available for nicotine addiction | Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion |
| Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to | Psychotic state, overdose causes agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, and seizures |
| Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs | Amphetamines |
| Amphetamine agents | Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine |
| These agents are congeners of Amphetamine | DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA "ecstasy" |
| Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke) | Cocaine "super-speed" |
| Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs, OD leads to nystagmus, marked hypertension, and seizures, presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic | PCP |
| Removal of PCP may be aided | Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction |
| THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment,andreflexes,decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur | Marijuana |
Created by:
tessah10
Popular USMLE sets