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Neuronss
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of neurons? | communication |
| What are the branches of the Nervous system? | Central and peripheral |
| Central nervous system? | Brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system | throughout the entire body |
| What are some unique characteristics of the neurons | major processing, no mitosis once mature |
| Describe glial cells | supporting cells, very abundant, can do mitosis |
| What are the neuron parts? | dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin, synaptic knobs |
| Dendrites | pick up messages from other cells |
| Cell body | site of processing of messages |
| Axon | projection leaving the cell body, send outgoing messages |
| Myelin | lipoprotein that covers axons of some neurons, causes faster transmission of messages |
| Types of neurons? | Sensory, interneurons, motor neurons |
| Sensory neurons | always direct messages from PNS>CNS |
| Interneurons | exist in the CNS, do major processing |
| Motor neurons | direct messages away from the CNS>PNS |
| What is a problem with myelin | Multiple sclerosis |
| Message transmission-how are messages sent withing a single neuron | by electrical charges, include Na+, K+, CL- |
| How are messages sent between neurons? | neurotransmitters |
| Resting potential-what is it? | state of the neuron when no messages are being sent, very active process |
| How is RP maintained? | by keeping an unequal balance of ions on either side of the neuron membrane, puts it in a polarized state |
| ATP demands on RP? | RP requires massive amounts of ATP, not to fire and be prepared to fire |
| What is going on inside of the neuron? | K+ builds up, lots of other items that carry (-) charges |
| What is going on outside of the neuron? | Na+ builds up, overall inside is more negative than outside |
| Why is it necessary to keep the neuron in this state? | so they can respond quickly |
| Action potential? What is it? | state of the neuron when its sending a message (firing) |
| How does AP happen? | when Na+ channels in membrane open to let Na+ into axon, which changes the voltage making the inside more (+) than outside |
| Is AP a graded response? | All or nothing |
| What is going on inside the neuron during AP? | Na+ is entering, inside become more (+) than outside |
| What is going on outside of the neuron during AP? | Some K+ is leaking out, takes little time to respond |
| The Synapse, what is it | gap between the synaptic knobs of one neuron and the dendrites of the next |
| How do messages cross the synapse | neurotransmitters are used to cross the gap |
| What triggers NT release? | when AP hits the end of the neuron |
| Neurotransmitters? where are they made | by neurons |
| What is different about excitatory and inhibitory NT? | EX- opening of Na+ channels receiving neuron IN- allows for influx CL- into receiving neuron |
| How does a NT influence a reaction in the post synaptic neuron? | may recieve NT messages from multiple other neurons, the AP either continue or not based on the sum of NT |
| Why do NT's need to be cleared from synapse after use? | down want it to continue firing |
| How are NT's removed from the synapse? | Enzynatic degradation- destroy NT in synapse, Reuptake NT- NT move back into the neuron that produced it |
| Dopamine-what does it do? | involved in sleep mood emotion learning pain inhibition, complex motor patterns |
| What if you have too much dopamine? | decreased sleep, increased pain, tolerance, increased mood, examples- cocaine, schizophrenia |
| What if you have too little dopamine? | icrease sleep, decreased pain, decreased mood example. parkinsons disease |
| Serotonin, what does it do? | sleep, temp. regulation, mood, attention span overall sense of well being constrict blood vessels |
| What if you have too little of serotonin? | clinical depression |
| What is an SSRI? | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor ex. prozac, zoloft, paxil, lexpro |
| Norepineprhine, what does it do? | mood, emotion, hunger, sex drive |
| What if you have an imbalance with Norepinephrine? | Little clinical depression |
| GABA,what does it do | Inhibitory NT, squelches inapprpiate firing, controls muscle activity, is important part of visual system, most abundant NT |
| What if you have an imbalance with GABA? | anxiety disorders |
| Fact on GABA | alcohol inhibits GABA |
| Nitric oxide? what does it do? | many functions all over the body, a gas made from an amino acid, regulation of BP |
Created by:
britchwo
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