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Prokaryotes: 11
Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria & Archaea
| Escherica | Gammaproteobacteria taxon |
| Streptococcus | Lactobacillales taxon |
| Proteobacteria | Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon taxons |
| Aerobic endospore-forming | Bacillales taxon |
| Cells with axial filament | Spirochaetes taxon |
| Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria | Cyanobacteria taxon |
| Acid-fast cells including Mycobacterium | Actinobacteria taxon |
| Staphylococcus | Bacillales taxon |
| Bacteria that cause botulism & tetanus | Clostridiales taxon |
| Wall-less bacteria related to gram postive bacteria | Mycoplasmatales taxon |
| Halobacterium halobium | likely to be found in Great Salt Lake |
| bacteriorhodopsin | protein used to generate a proton gradient |
| Archaea | organisms that thrive in habitats that were common on the early Earth |
| Archaea & Bacteria | Prokaryotes |
| Bacteria | peptidoglycan walls, ester bonds in lipids |
| Archaea | ether bonds in lipids |
| Archaea | extreme halophiles, methanogens, thermoplasma, hyperthermophiles |
| Methanogens | responsible for more methane production than humans in global ecology |
| Nucleus | found in all eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes |
| archaea belonging organism | Methanobacterium |
| Enterobacteriales | Enterobacter, Escherichia, & Salmonella |
| Campylobacter | Epsilonproteobacteria |
| Corynebacterium, Streptococcus & Staphylococcus | Gram positive |
| Bordetella | Gram negative |
| Purple non-sulfur, green sulfur, & green non-sulfur bacteria | anoxygenic photosynthesis |
| Cyanobacteria | oxygenic photosynthesis |
| Surface to volume ratio of cells | affects ability to import necessary nutrients through diffusion & other membrane transport processes. larger the cell volume, the smaller the surface to volume ratio |
| Algae | eukaryotic cells |
| Cyanobacteria | prokaryotic cells |
| Listeria, Lactobacillus, & Streptococcus | Gram positive bacteria |
| Salmonella, Pseudomonas, & Eschericha | Gram negative bacteria |
| Azospirillus, Azotobacter, & Azomonas | nitrogen fixing ability |
| Burkholderia | frequent cause of nosocomical infections because it grows on some antiseptics |
| Escherichia | polar flagella, aerobic, & oxidase-positive |
| Enterics | facultatively anaerobic, gram negative rods found in the intestines of animals |
| must be able to grow at temperatures exceeding 80C | Hyperthermophilic |
| Cyanobacteria | not pathegenic for humans |
| Erwinia bacteria produce the enzyme pectinase | causes disease in plants |
| Betaproteobacteria contain | nitrifying bacteria(Nitrosomonas) but no nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
| Rickettsias | different from most other bacteria because they are intracellular parasites |
| Leptospira, Treponema, & Borrelia | Spirochaetes |
| Helicobacter | Proteobacteria |
| Low G + C | common in soil bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and several human pathogens |
| High G + C | mycobacteria, corynebacteria, & actinomycetes |
| Microbial Diversity | few of the total number of different prokaryotes have been isolated and identified approx 5000. |
| PCR | can be used to uncover the presence of bacteria that can't be cultured in the laboratory |
| Cyanobacteria | photoautotrophs that use light energy & CO2 & do produce O2 |
| Chemoheterotrophic | planctomycetes, chlamydiae, spirocheates, bacteroidetes, and fusobacteria |
| Purple & green photosynthetic bacteria | photoautotrophs that use light energy & CO2 & do NOT produce O2 |
| Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacter & Helicobacter |
| Deltaproteobacteria | Prey on other bacteria: Myxococcus & Bdellovibrio |
| Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadales, Legionellales, Vibrionales, Enterobacteriales, & Pasteurellales |
| Betaproteobacterica | chemoautotrophs & chemoheterotrophs |
| Alphaproteobacteria | nitrogen fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs & chemoheterotrophs |
| Proteobacteria | Gram Negative |
| Bergey's manual | categorizes bacteria into taxa based on rRNA sequences, lists identifying characteristics |
| identifying characteristics | gram stain reaction, cellular morphology, oxygen requirements, and nutritional properties |
| rRNA | structural compontent of ribosome |
| Acetobacter xylinum | produce acetic acid(vinegar), alcohol spoilage, aerobes |
| Pelagibacter ubique | discovered by FISH technique 1354 genes, smallest genome of any free living organism extremely small 20% of prokaryotes in oceans .5% of all prokaryotes |
| Rickettsias | motile, gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria, obligates intracellular parasites(tissue/embryo culture), transmitteed to humans by bites of insects |
| Rickettsias prowazekii | Epidemic typhus |
| Rickettsias rickettsia | rocky mountain spotted fever |
| Alphaproteobacteria | includes most proteobacteria, can grow at very low levels of nutrients |
| Stalks and other protrusions of bacterial cells | prosthecae |
| over 500 species, commercial value as a source of antibiotics | Streptomyces |
| Elementary bodies | reproduction in Chlamydia, the bacterial cells are released from host cells |
| evolutionary loss of genetic material, ie mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from g+ bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production | Degenerative evolution |
| enterics | members of the order Enterobacteriales |
| Cyanobacteria | changed Earth's atmosphere due to their production of oxygen |
| beta-hemolytic streptococi | Steptococci that produce a hemolysin causing a clear zone around colonies grown on blood agar |
| Anoxygenic photosynthesis | purple & green photosynthetic bacteria produce this, oxygen is not produced as a by-product |
Created by:
mandilucille
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