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Ch. 12
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sex Chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| Sex-linked Trait | a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans |
| Linked Gene | pairs of genes that tend to be inheirited together |
| Chromosome Map | a diagram of gene positions on a chromosome |
| Map Unit | a unit of recombinant frequency for measuring genetic linkage |
| Germ-Cell Mutation | overs in an organism's gametes, doesn't affect the organism itself but can be passed down to its offspring |
| Somatic-Cell Mutation | a mutation that occurs in a body cell |
| Lethal Mutation | a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive |
| Deletion | the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome |
| Inversion | a reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment, within a chromosome |
| Translocation | the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II |
| Point Mutation | a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed |
| Substitution | a mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| Frameshift Mutation | a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame |
| Insertion Mutation | one or more nucleotides are added to a gene; it can also result in a frameshift mutation |
| Pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
| Carrier | in biology, an individual who has one copy of a recessive autosomal allele that causes disease in the homozygous condition |
| Genetic Disorder | an inherited disease or disorder that is caused by a mutation in a gene or by a chromosomal defect |
| Polygenic | a characteristic of an organism that is determined by many genes |
| Complex Character | characters that are influenced strongly both by environment and by genes |
| Multiple Allele | more than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait |
| Codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| Incomplete Dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
| Sex-influenced trait | an autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones |
| Huntington's disease | an autosomal dominant condition characterized by forgetfulness and irritability |
| Amniocentesis | a procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus of the pregnant woman |
| Chorionic Villi Sampling | a procedure in which the chorionic villi to are analyzed to diagnose fetal genotypes |
| Genetic Counseling | the process of testing and informing potential parents about their genetic makeup and the likelihood that they will have offspring with genetic defects or hereditary diseases |
| Gene Therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
Created by:
mlavelle
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