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Chapter 11
Plant Processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical compound made of sugar; forms tangled fibers in plant cell walls, and provides structure and support | Cellulose |
| Area where most gas exchange occurs in plants. | Leaves |
| This helps keep the leaf from drying out and covers the epidermis. | Waxy Cuticle |
| Small openings that act as doorways for raw materials such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and waste gases to enter and exit the leaf. | Stomata |
| Cells that surround each stoma and control its size. | Guard cells |
| Green pigment within leaves | Chlorophyll |
| A substance that reflects a particular part of the visible spectrum and absorbs the rest. | Pigment |
| The process during which a plant's chlorophyll traps light energy and sugars are produced. | Photosynthesis |
| Reactions that need light in order for them to occur. | Light dependent reactions. |
| Reactions that do not need light in order for them to occur | Light independent reactions |
| The basis of a plant's structure | Glucose |
| The process in which cells break down food and release its energy. | Cellular respiration |
| Cellular respiration occurs in the ----- | Mitochondria |
| Photosynthesis occurs in the ----- | Chloroplasts |
| Anything in the environment that causes a response in an organism. | Stimulus |
| Substances made in one part of an organism for use somewhere else in the organism. | Hormones |
| The way in which an organism interacts with other organisms and its environment. | Behavior |
| Responses of a plant to an external stimuli which can be seen as movement caused by a change in growth and can be positive or negative. | Tropism |
| Produced in cells of ripening fruit, which stimulates the ripening process. | Ethylene gas |
| A type of plant hormone that causes plant stems and leaves to exhibit positive responses to light. | Auxin |
| Chemical substances that were isolated first from a fungus and can be mixed with water and sprayed on plants and seeds to stimulate plant stems to grow and seeds to germinate. | Gibberellins |
| Promote growth by causing faster mitosis and cell divisions - can also be sprayed on stored vegetables to keep them fresh longer. | Cytokinins |
| The substance that keeps seeds from sprouting and buds from developing during the winter. | Abscisic Acid |
| A plant's response to the number of hours of daylight and darkness it receives daily | Photoperiods |
| Plants that require less than 10 h to 12 h of darkness to flower | Long-day plants |
| Plants that need 12 or more hours of darkness to flower. | Short-day plants |
| Plants that have no specific photoperiod and the flowering process can begin within a range of hours of darkness | Day-neutral plants |
| How does water get into a plant | Water is taken up through the roots of the plant. |
| Tiny openings in a plant's epidermis through which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen enter and exit the cell. | Stomata |
| The area in a leaf where the majority of the plant's food is made. | Palisade layer |
| The area where carbon dioxide, and water vapor, which is needed in the food-making process, fill the spaces. | Spongy layer |
| Why do sunflowers bloom only in the summer | They are long-day plants that require the short nights of the summer to flower |
| Why do plants need glucose | Glucose is the main form of food for the plant and is also the basis of the plant's structure |
| How does water vapor leave a leaf | Guard cells swell with water, the stomata open, and water vapor escapes as carbon dioxide enters |
| Why do leaves change color in the autumn then die and fall off? | The trees are responding to less sunlight, colder temperatures and the hormone ethlyene |
| Describe to ways plants use the products of photosynthesis | Oxygen is used for respiration, glucose is used for life processes such as maintenance and growth |
| How does auxin cause a plant to exhibit positive phototropism | Auxin moves away from the light and cuases the cells on the shaded side of the stem to lengthen, so the stem turns toward the light. |
| Why do bananas ripen after you bring them home from the store? | Ethylene gas that is released from them. |
| Photosynthesis equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
| What is the purpose of hormones? | Substances made in one part of the organism to be used in other areas. typically internal stimuli |
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jojones21
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