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Ch. 6 Anatomy Cards!
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | the ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium; it surrounds and separates the muscle |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds fasciculi |
| Fasciculi (Fascicle) | numerous visible bundles that make up muscle |
| Endomysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber |
| Muscle Fiber | a single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| Myofibril | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers... | actin & myosin (myofilaments) |
| Sarcomere | highly ordered units created by actin & myosin myofilaments, which are joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| The basic structural & functional unity of the muscle | Sarcomere |
| Each Z line is the site for... | actin |
| I bands consist of... | actin |
| The H zone consists of only... | myosin |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane between the inside (-) & the outside(+) |
| Action Potential | the brief reversal back of the charge when a muscle is stimualated |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromuscular Junction (Synapse) | what is formed when each branch connects to the muscle near the center of the cell |
| Motor Unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | the muscle fiber |
| Synaptic Vesicles | secrete neurotransmitters called acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell |
| Acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine |
| Muscle Twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| Threshold | the point at which the muscle fiber will respond to a stimulus |
| Contraction Phase | the time of contraction |
| Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron & the beginning of a contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| ATP is needed for... | energy for muscle contraction |
| Origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| Belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin & the insertion |
| Anaerobic Respiration | respiration without oxygen |
| Fast-Twitch Fibers | contract quickly & fatigue quickly. (ex. white meat from a chicken's breast) |
| Slow-Twitch Fibers | contract more slowly & are more resistant to fatigue (ex. dark meat of a duck's breast or the legs of a chicken) |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Nomenclature | how most muscles are characterized (ex. size, location, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, function, etc.) |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelid |
| Orbicularis oris | pucker/ "kissy face" |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | 4 pair of chewing muscles |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | changes the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | moves the tongue |
Created by:
rebecca121212
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