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Muscles!
chapter 6 - anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | ability to shorten w/ force |
| excitability | ability to respond to stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil after being stretched |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle |
| fascia | connective tissue that is outside the epimysium that separates muscles |
| what do muscles do that are essential to the body's maintenance? | produce heat |
| fasciculi | numerous visible bundles of muscle |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi |
| what are fasciculi composed of? | single muscle cells called muscle fibers |
| endomysium | surrounds each muscle fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments(looks like pearls twisted together) |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments(looks like mini golf clubs) |
| sarcomeres | join end to end to form myofibril |
| what is on each side of the Z line? | I bands: which consists of actin |
| what does the H zone consist of? | myosin ONLY |
| What is the charge difference between membranes called? | resting membrane potential |
| what is action potential? | the brief reversal back of the charge of stimulus |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromusclular junction | axons that branch into the muscle and connect |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | they secrete neurotransmitters |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitters |
| what is creatine phosphate? | a high energy molecule |
| what does anaerobic respiration mean? | w/o oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| what is oxygen debt? | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| what is muscle fatigue? | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| what does isometric mean? | length of the muscle stays the same nut tension increases |
| what does isotonic mean? | muscle length changes but tension stays same |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin of the muscle | most stationary end of muscle |
| insertion | part of muscle undergoing most movement |
| belly of muscle | inbetween origin and insertion |
| can muscles have more then one origin? | yes |
| what are synergists? | muscles that work together |
| what are antagonists? | muscles that work against each other |
| what is a prime mover? | a muscle in a group of synergists that does the most moving |
| what does the occipitofrontalis do? | moves eyebrows |
| orbicularis oris? | moves mouth |
| orbicularis oculi? | closes eyes |
| buccinator? | flattens cheeks |
| zygomaticus? | smile |
| levator labii superioris? | snarling |
| depressor anguli oris? | frowning |
| two types of chewing muscles | masseter and temporalis |
| what are intrinsic muscles? | changes the shape of the tongue |
| what are extrinsic muscles? | moves tongue |
| prime neck mover? | sternocleidomastoid |
| what is torticollis? | wry neck |
Created by:
jess_call11
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