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Micro Bio Exam I
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2,3-butanediol | enterbactero |
| Acetyl CoA | end product of transition stage start product of TCA |
| acid | substance that releases H ions in water |
| acidophile | acid loving, grows best in pH 4 to 5.4 |
| aerobic respiration | organisms gain energy from catabolism of organic molecules via the Krebs cycle & oxidative phosphorylation |
| aerotolerant | bacterium can survive in presence of O2, but does not use O2 in its metabolism |
| alkalinophile | base loving organism, grows best in pH 7 to 11.5 |
| amino acid | building blocks of proteins |
| anabolism | chemical reaction using energy to synthesize large molecules |
| anaerobic respiration | does not require O2, only small amts of energy captured in ATP,includes fermentation and glycolysis |
| Archaea | extreme environments; no peptidoglycan in cell walls |
| Bacillus | rod-like shaped |
| bacteria | single-celled organisms, all Prokaryote |
| base | substance that absorbs H ions |
| carbohydrates | compound includes C, H, & O; preferred source of energy |
| catabolism | breakdown of molecules plus release of energy |
| cell membrane | boundary between cell and environment, mainly phospholipids and proteins in a bilayer |
| cell wall | external to cell membrane, this outer layer of most bacterial, algal, and plant cells maintains the cell shape |
| chromosome | contains DNA and proteins called histones |
| coccus | spherical shaped |
| DNA | nucleic acid that carries hereditary information from one generation to the next |
| electron | negatively charged particle orbiting an atom |
| electron transport | process in which pairs of electrons are transferred b/t cytochromes & other compounds |
| bacterial endospore | resting stage of a vegetative bacterial cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | smooth-makes enzymes that synthesize lipids; rough-manuf. proteins & transport lipids & proteins to Golgi apparatus |
| Eukarya | Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia |
| Facultative anaerobes | bacterium carries on aerobic respiration but shifts to anaerobic when O2 is absent |
| fermentation | conversion pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol, lactic acid, & other organic compounds in an anaerobic process |
| genetic engineering | purposeful manipulation of genetic material to alter the characteristics of an organism in a desired way |
| glycocalyx | all polysaccharide-containing substances external to cell wall, a capsule or a slime layer |
| glycolysis | oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid; an anaerobic process |
| Golgi apparatus | receives lipids & proteins; alters & repacks lipids; makes lysosomes |
| lysosomes | kills bacteria & ingests substances |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of eukarya; carry out oxidative reaction that captures energy in ATP |
| neutron | neutrally charged subatomic particle in the nucleus |
| nucleic acid | long polymers of nucleotides that encode genetic information & direct protein synthesis |
| nitrogen | needed to synthesize enzymes, other proteins and nucleic acids |
| nucleotides | an organic compound with one nitrogenous base, 5C sugar and one or more phosphate |
| nucleus | enclosed by nuclear envelope, contains nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and chromosomes |
| outer membrane | found mainly in Gram-negative bacteria, a bilayer membrane, acts as a sieve into cell |
| peptidoglycan | a structural polymer in the bacterial cell wall |
| protein | polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle in a nucleus |
| ribosome | consists of RNA & protein; site for protein synthesis, smaller in prokaryotes so more vulneralbe to certain antibiotics |
| RNA | nucleic acid, carries info from DNA to where proteins are made & directs assembly of proteins |
| teichoic acid | polymer attached to peptidoglycan in Gram positive cell walls; used for adherence |
Created by:
MKC
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