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Animal Bio Lecture 3
Animal Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three components of the circulatory system? | Heart, Blood vessels and Blood |
| What are the 2 categories of the 4 chambers found in the heart? | Atria and ventricles |
| What do the atria do? | receive blood |
| What do the ventricles do? | pump blood |
| Which side does oxygen rich blood remain on? | The left |
| Where does blood coming to the heart (oxygen poor) enter through? (different for top/bottom of the body) | The superior/inferior vena cava |
| from the vena cava, where does blood go next? | to the right atrium, pumped by the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (one of two) and then, once O2 replenished, to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, to the left ventricle and out through the aorta to the rest of the body. |
| which ventricle has thicker cardiac muscle, and why?> | the left ventricle--> has to pump blood to the body (farther) |
| What are valves made of? | connective tissue |
| what are the 2 sets of valves called? | Atrioventricular and Semilunar |
| where are atrioventricular valves located? Do they open or close with ventricular contraction? | between the atria/ventricles on the left and right--CLOSE with contraction |
| Where are the semilunar valves located? Do they open or close with ventricular contraction? | They are located at the exits to the heart--OPEN with contraction |
| What are the three types of blood vessels? | Arteries, veins and capillaries |
| What are the three layers found in veins and arteries? What is each layer made of? | Outer (connective tissue and elastic fibers), Middle (smooth muscle and elastic fibers) and Inner (endothelium and basal laminar membrane) |
| What is the only layer in capillaries? What surrounds this layer? | endothelium surrounded by basal laminar membrane |
| Why are layers thicker in arteries than in veins? | in order to handle blood pressure of pumping through body |
| What are the two mechanisms that control how much blood is found in the capillaries? | precapillary sphincters and constriction of arterioles |
| What are capillary sphincters? | little rings of smooth muscle found at the capillary entrance that contract to prevent entrance of blood |
| What are the three main mechanisms of capillary exchange? | Endo/exo cytosis, diffusion and bulk flow |
| What are the two circuits designated in the mammal cardio system? | Pulmonary and System |
| What is the pulmonary circuit? | Right ventricle--> pulmonary arteries--> lungs--> O2 picked up-->heart through pulmonary veins--> left atrium |
| What is the systemic circuit? | Left ventricle--> blood through aorta to upper/lower body--> body capillary beds--> loss of O2 and pick up CO2--> heart-->inferior/superior vena cava to right atrium |
| What are the two components of blood? | Extracellular (plasma) and cellular |
| What are the 4 components of plasma? | water, metabolites/waste, inorganic salts (Na/Cl/Ca), Proteins |
| What are the 2 main functions of inorganic salts in the plasma? | buffer blood, maintain osmotic balance (prevents water leaving) |
| What are the three kinds of protein in plasma and what is their collective function (x3)? | Lipid escorts, antibodies, fibrinogens(clotting) Functions: - buffer blood - osmotic balance - add to viscosity/thickness of blood |
| What are the three cell types in blood | RBC's (erythrocytes), WBC's (leukocytes) and platelets (cell fragments) |
| how many RBC's are in the body? | 25 trillion |
| how many hemoglobin per RBC, how many O2 can each HG carry? | 250 mill, 4 |
| where do platelet cell fragments come from? | break off of large bone marrow cells |
| what do platelets release in order to convert fibrinogen to fibrin? | clotting factors |
| What is the path of O2 from the air to the blood? | nasal cavity-->pharynx-->trachea-->2 bronchi --> many bronchiole tubes--> many alveoli sacs--> capillaries |
| what lines alveoli? | a single cell thick moist lining |
| How does O2 enter the capillaries of the alveoli? | Dissolves in the moist lining of the alveoli and then diffuses into blood where it is picked up by RBC's |
| What are the three ways that CO2 can be transported/carried out? | 1) in plasma (dissolved) 2) hemoglobin carried 3) in plasma as BICARBONATE IONS (majority) |
| Where does CO2 to bicarbonate conversion happen? | RBC's |
Created by:
an236641
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