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biofacts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| any change in the sequence of DNA | mutation |
| bacterium that causes strep throat | streptococcus |
| organelle that makes proteins | ribosome |
| nonliving particles that cause disease | virus |
| form between the amino acids of a protein | peptide bonds |
| anaerobic process that produces 2ATP and occurs in muscle cells | lactic acid fermentation |
| powerhouse of a eukaryotic cell | mitochondria |
| energy molecule of cells | ATP |
| the change in populations over time | evolution |
| process in which DNA is copied | replication |
| DNA coiled tightly around protein | chromosome |
| the different versions of a gene | allele |
| traits controlled by many genes | polygenic |
| any relationship between two species | symbiosis |
| organisms that can make their own food | autotroph |
| indicates the presence of starch | iodine |
| used as a basis of comparison in an experiment | control group |
| DNA & RNA are examples of | nucleic acid |
| population growth represented by a "J" shape | exponential growth |
| the diffusion of H2O through a semipermeable membrane | osmosis |
| molds, yeast, and mushrooms are all examples of | fungi |
| 3 fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone make a | lipid |
| is made when skin is exposed to sunlight and is necessary for a strong immune system and healthy bones | vitamin D |
| glucose is an example of a | simple sugar |
| location on an enzyme where a substrate binds | active site |
| prokaryotes that live in extreme environments | archaebacteria |
| a proposed, untested explanation for a scientific phenomenon | hypothesis |
| form of cell division that produces 2 identical diploid body cells | mitosis |
| the female gamete | egg |
| an organism that carries or spreads a pathogen | vector |
| system for naming organisms that uses two names (genus and species) | binomial nomenclature |
| an organism that must obtain its food from the environment | heterotroph |
| states that when a dominant allele is in the presence of a recessive allele, the dominant allele is always expressed | Law of Dominance |
| primary component of the plasma membrane | phospholipid |
| an additional layer fond outside of the plasma membrane in plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists | cell wall |
| molecule made by transcription that carries the code of the DNA out of the nucleus and to a ribosome | mRNA |
| organisms or processes that require oxygen | aerobic |
| any evidence of past life | fossil |
| single cell that is formed at fertilization | zygote |
| organelle that contains DNA and is the site of replication and transcription | nucleus |
| white blood cell that activates B-cells or that destroys pathogens directly | T-cells |
| complex carbohydrate that stores food in plant cells | starch |
| subunit of a protein | amino acid |
| term used to describe enzymes because they speed up chemical reactions | catalyst |
| mitosis and meiosis are different forms of | cell division |
| tangled-up, spaghetti-like DNA and proteins | chromatin |
| identical halves of the same chromosome | sister chromosomes |
| sperm cells, egg cells, pollen grains, and ovules are all examples of | gametes |
| condition caused by HIV | AIDS |
| series of paired statements used to identify an organism | dichotomous key |
| the 44 non-sex chromosomes in humans | autosomes |
| chart that indicates the genetic relationships in a family | pedigree |
| complex pattern of inheritance that governs blood type in humans | multiple allele |
| is used to determine an organism's genotype when it has a dominant phenotype | test cross |
| structural name given to the plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer |
| uncontrolled cell division | cancer |
| model name of DNA | double helix |
| molecule that carries the amino acids to the ribosome during translation | tRNA |
| pH indicator that turns yellow in the presence of an acid | bromothymol blue |
| mechanism by which evolution occurs | natural selection |
| deadly viral infection of the skin | small pox |
| disproven hypothesis that living things come from nonliving matter | abiogenesis |
| term used to describe a living thing | organism |
| form of cell division that makes gametes | meiosis |
| an organism that lives in/on another organism called a host, causing it harm | parasite |
| a branching diagram that shows the common ancestry and evolutionary relationships between species | phylogenetic tree |
| roan cows, checkered chickens, and type AB blood are all examples of this complex pattern of inheritance | codominance |
| complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plant cells | cellulose |
| hold the two strands of DNA together | hydrogen bond |
| process that occurs at a ribosome | translations (protein synthesis) |
| a segment of DNA that codes for a protein | gene |
| molecule that a ribosome is made of | rRNA |
| nitrogen base that binds to guanine | cytosine |
| a single-stranded molecule that contains ribose, phosphates, and A,U,G, or C | RNA |
| the folding or stacking inside of some organelles increases | surface area |
| protects organisms from the sun's UV rays | ozone layer |
| the formation of new species | speciation |
| cells that lack membrane bound organelles | prokaryote |
| symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| organisms such as fungi & bacteria that recycle nutrients in ecosystems | decomposers |
| immune, y-shaped proteins produced by white blood cells to fight disease | antibody |
| a preparation of a weakened pathogen that produces immunity | vaccine |
| a simple sugar; C6H12O6 | glucose |
| a 5C sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base make a | nucleotide |
| any carbon-based molecule (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates) | organic |
| protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | enzyme |
| kingdom of prokaryotes that are found almost everywhere, and that sometimes cause disease | eubacteria |
| a well-tested explanation for a scientific phenomenon that is supported by a great deal of evidence from experiments over a long period of time | theory |
| structure that hold the sister chromatids of a chromosome together | centromere |
| process that included interphase and mitosis | cell cycle |
| plant sperm | pollen |
| the differences in the traits of a population | variation |
| infectious disease caused by the protist, Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes | malaria |
| cytoplasmic extensions of "false feet" that amoeba use to obtain food | pseudopods |
| virus that attacks T-cells and causes AIDS | HIV |
| organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring | species |
| oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells that is defective in sickle cell anemia | hemoglobin |
| the allele combination for a trait | genotype |
| occur more often in males than in females and are most often passed from mother to son | sex-linked traits |
| X and Y are both | sex chromosomes |
Created by:
kimbum3825
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