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Chp. 18 bio

The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

QuestionAnswer
Virus Contains Nucleic Acid DNA or RNA and protein. they do not have a nucleus. Need to infect cell to reproduce.
Dormant *Viruses, inactive or not expressed.
Virus uses a host cell to translate and transcribe their genome.
Viral Life Cycles Lytic and Lysogenic
Lytic Cycle Virus infects the host cell. Viral Dna replicated transcribed and translated. assemble new viruses then host cell lyses. *burst
Lysogenic Cycle Viral Dna inserts into Host Dna, it can be dormant. Each time cell divides, viral dna replicates. *herpes
Dna viruses include hepatitis and herpes
Rna viruses include influenza, measles, polio, ebola, hantavirus, hiv.
Retrovirus RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome.
HIV virus is Rna virus that has special characteristics, @ copies of RNA. retrovirus.
Bacterial cell has single, large, circular chromosome.
Plasmids extra-chromosomal Dna found in bacteria. 10% of genetic info.
Bacteria has evolved to pick up foreign dna.
three methods of genetic recombination conjugation, transduction, and transformation.
Transformation when bacteria dies, dna is released into environment. other bacteria has the ability to pick it up with competency and incorp with chromosomes.
Competency the ability to pick up DNA
Transduction this is the transfer of bacterial genes from a donor cell to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage.
conjugation method requires contact with donor and recipient cell. it enables the passage of many genes. sometimes chromosomes or plasmids are transferred.
F plasmids F factors that give bacteria the ability to produce a protein called pilin that assembles to for sex pili
pilin forms sex pili
Sex pilus is a hollow, tubular structure produced by a donor through which genes are transferred to the recipient cell.
Donor Cell with plasmids F+
Recipient cell lacking the plasmid f-
Resistance plasmids or R plasmids or R factors give bacteria antibiotic resistance. Bacteria with r plasmids are becoming more commmon.
Created by: 1574238891
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