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anatomy of respirati
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| respiration involves the ____ system and the ____ system | respiratory and the circulatory |
| What are the 4 processes of respiration | ventilation, external respiration, transport, internal respiration |
| Does ventilation occur in the respiratory system or the circulatory system | respiratory |
| Ventilation is simply what | breathing/the exchange between lungs and outside |
| Does external respiration is occur in the respiratory system or the circulatory system | respiratory system |
| External respiration the exchange of ___ and ___ between the lungs and the blood | CO2 and O2 |
| What is transport | transport is when O2 and CO2 are in the blood |
| Transport happens in the respiratory or the circulatory | circulatory |
| Internal respiration happens in the ciruclatory or the respiratory | circulatory |
| What is internal respiration | when O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood and tissues |
| What is the middle of the nose called | septum |
| What are conchae | ridges in the nasal cavity to increase surface area |
| The increase of surface area caused by the conchae increases what! what does this do for you | air turbulence, it makes for better cleaning and warming the air that comes in |
| Olfactory receptors are | smell receptors |
| Where are the olfactory receptors located | the top of the nasal cavity |
| Most of what we tastes comes from | what we smell |
| What are the 4 main functions of the nasal cavity | provides respiratory airway, mostiens/warms the entering air, filters and cleans the air you breathe, acts as a resonating chamber for speech |
| How is the air warmed when you breathe it through your nose | because there are many capillary beds under the cilia in your nasal cavity that transports heat |
| How does the nasal cavity filter | the cilia is covered in mucus so it captures particles |
| Mucosa in the nasal cavity is secreted by what | pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
| What does mucosa contain | lysozyme and defensins |
| The cilia moves contaminated mucus to where | towards the throat |
| Once the swallowed mucus reaches the alveoli, it is now what | sterile |
| What triggers sneezing | sensory nerve endings |
| What are paranasal sinuses | spaces in the skull |
| What do sinuses do for the skull | lightens it |
| Paranasal sinuses are ___ sacs | blind |
| What does it mean that the sinuses are blind sacs | they lead to nowhere |
| Because paranasal sinuses lead to nowhere, what happens | they can be easily infected because of a lack of movement |
| Sinus headaches/ infections happen when there is a change in | pressure |
| What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| What lines the nasopharynx | pseduostratified columnar epitheilum |
| The nasopharynx is posterior to what | nasal cavity |
| What closes the nasopharynx during swallowing | the soft palate and uvula |
| What lines the oropharynx | stratified squamous epithelium |
| The oropharynx is the passage way for food and air ending at what structure | the epiglottis |
| The laryngopharynx extends all the way to what structure | the larynx |
| Tonsils help filter out what | bacteria |
| Adenoid tonsils are located where | in the top right of the nasopharynx |
| Can adenoid tonsils be removed | yes |
| Where are palatine tonsils located | in the oropharynx |
| Can the palatine tonsils be removed | yes |
| Where are the lingual tonsils located | under the tongue |
| Can lingual tonsils be removed | not unless there is cancer or a disorder |
| The larynx attaches to what bone | the hyoid bone |
| the layrnx opens into what part of the pharynx | the laryngopharynx |
| The larynx is continuous with what structure | the trachea |
| What are the 3 main functions of the larynx | provides a patent airway, routes food and air into proper channels, and voice production |
| All of the larynx is _____ cartilage except for the _____ | hyaline and epiglottis |
| What are the 4 types of hyaline cartilage in the larynx | thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage |
| What is the adams apple created by | the protrusion of the thyroid crest |
| what is the function of the epiglottis | it opens to allow air through but closes when you swallow to prevent food going into the trachea |
| Babies can __ and ___ at the same time | swallow and breathe |
| Why do babies need to be burped | because they swallow a lot of air |
| The vocal ligaments attaches what | arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage |
| The opening between the vocal cords is what | the glottis |
| The vocal folds/cords vibrate to do what | produce sound as air rushes up from the lungs |
| The trachea is also known as the ___ pipe | wind |
| About how long is the trachea and is the diameter of what | 7 in and a garden hose |
| The trachea is encased by what | C shaped rings of cartilage that open in the back |
| What is behind the trachea | esophagus |
| the C shape of the rings prevents what | food from being stuck from the rings protruding into the esophagus |
| The trachialis muscles contracts during what to expel mucus | coughing |
| What is the carina | last tracheal cartilage and the point where trachea branches into 2 bronchi |
| There are about __ orders of branching of the bronchi | 23 |
| The branching pattern of bronchi are called | bronchial respiratory tree |
| What is the conducting zone | the conduits to gas exchange |
| The conducting zone contains what structures | everything but the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli |
| Each main bronchus enters the __ of one lung | hilum |
| The right bronchus is what | bigger, wider, shorter, more verticle than the left |
| Each main bronchus branches into what | lobar (secondary) bronchi, and segmental (tertiary) bronchi |
| There are _ lobar bronchi on the right, and _ lobar bronchi on the left | 3, 2 |
| The segemental bronchi are the ones that divide into what | bronchioles |
| The smallest bronchioles are what | terminal |
| Once the bronchi branch to bronchioles, what begins to change | the tissue that makes them up |
| What is the respiratory zone | the site of gas exchange |
| What structures are involved in the respiratory zone | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli |
| there are 300 million alveoli to account for most of the lungs ___ and are the main site of ___ ______ | volume, gas exchange |
| Alveoli contain what | open pores that connect to adjacent alveoli |
| Alveoli allows pressure in lungs to what | equalize |
| Alveoli house what to keep alveolar surfaces sterile | macrophages |
| What is the type one cell in the alveoli | |
| What is the type 2 cell in the alveoli | the cells that secrete surfactant |
| What is surfactant | a detergent like substance that stops the sides of the alveoli from sticking together by reducing the surface tension |
| When does surfactant develop | the 7th month in the womb |
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