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cells and cell chem
bio 428 cell phys chpt 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 8 Characteristics of Life (Living Things) | Grow and Develop (& die) Reproduce Metabolize Respond to Environment Maintain Homeostasis Based on Genetic Code Evolve Composed of Cells |
| Possible Exceptions | Viruses Prions |
| Cell Theory 3 principles | All organisms consist of 1 or more cells The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms. All cells arise from existing cells |
| 3 main disciplines contribute to our current understanding of cell biology/physiology | Cytology – Using microscopy to visualize cells Biochemistry – analyzing the chemical components of cells Genetics – analyzing how various traits of cells and organisms are passed to subsequent generations |
| Cytology (2 main techniques) | Light Microscopy-Can only resolve objects that are 0.2 mm or more apart Electron Microscopy-Resolving power approaches 0.1 nm for EM (vs 200 nm for LM) |
| Cell Chemistry 5 main principles | Importance of carbon Importance of H2O Importance of selectively permeable membranes Importance of synthesis by polymerization Importance of self assembly |
| What makes carbon important? | Valence of 4 (Missing 4 of 8 outer shell e-) Carbon-based molecules are stable Carbon-based molecules are diverse Some carbon-based molecules can form stereoisomers (mirror-images). |
| Importance of H2O | Abundance H2O is polar, despite being uncharged Water molecules are cohesive High temperature stabilizing capacity H2O is an excellent solvent |
| Importance of selectively permeable membranes | Composed of amphipathic phospholipids that form a bilayer The cellular membranes act as barriers that regulate which substances can cross from one side to the other. molecules above 100 cannot directly cross the membrane and require some protein transp |
| Synthesis by Polymerization | Large number of macromolecules (polymers) formed from relatively few small organic molecules (monomers). Requires energy (ATP) to synthesize macromolecules energy can be obtained from their degradation |
| 3 main types of Macromolecules | Informational: Nucleic Acid, Proteins Structural: Proteins, Carbohydrates Storage: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids |
| Self-Assembly | Allows for Energy Conservation Eg., lipid bilayers Eg., protein Polypeptide renaturation and protein folding |
| 4 types of protein folding | 1o structure-a.a. polypeptide chain 2o structure (a-helix, or b-sheet) 3o structure (overall folding of polypeptide chain) 4o structure (multi-subunit interactions |
| Molecular Chaperones | e.g. heat shock proteins) may assist in self-assembly process |
Created by:
aareynolds
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