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Freud Psychosexual Stage: Phallic
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Freud Psychosexual Stage: Genital
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NCE - Test Prep I

National Counseling Exam - Concepts to Memorize

QuestionAnswer
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Phallic Stage 3 - Focus on genitalia / Focus on Complexes and desires for opposite sex
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Genital Stage 5 - Focus on puberty and attraction / Personality: Less narcissism
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Oral Stage 1 - Focus on oral fixations / personality: clingy, passive dependent
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Latency Stage 4 - Focus on repressing sexual urges / Social Interactions, Hobbies
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Anal Stage 2 - Focus on Control / Personality: Compulsiveness or Disorganization
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Industry v. Inferiority (6-12)Competence, Master School Skills
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Initiative v. Guilt (3-6)Purpose, Explore environment & People
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Autonomy v. Shame&Doubt (1-3)Exploration, Child develops physical autonomy
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Trust v. Mistrust (B-1)Attachment, Child develops parental bonds
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Intimacy v. Isolation (18-30)Love, Intimate relationships
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Identity v. Role Confustion (12-18)Identity/Goals, Find themselves
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Generativity v. Stagnation (30-LA)Caring for Others, Focus on future generations
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Integrity v. Dispair Wisdom, Life review
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Concrete Operational Task:(8-11)Conservation/Tied to known world
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Formal Operational Task:(12+)Hypothetical Thinking/Organizing Ideas and "What ifs"
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Sensorimotor (B-18mo)Task:Motor Activity+Sympolic Play
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Pre-Operational (18mo-7)Task:Language Development/Simple Logic and Symbolic Play
Holland Hexagram: Realistic Work w. Machines and/or hands
Holland Hexagram: Artistic Work w. Feeling and Creativity
Holland Hexagram: Investigative Work w. Intellect and/or abstract thinking
Holland Hexagram: Conventional Work w. Rules and Regulations
Holland Hexagram: Social Work w. Interpersonal Situations
Holland Hexagram: Enterprising Work w. a Dominating Personality
Counseling Theory: This theory incorporates archetypes and the collective unconscious of humanity. This theory also became basis for the MBTI. Carl Jung - Analytic Psychology
Counseling Theory: This theory focuses on social urges and behavior associated with it. Life is a struggle for superiority. Alfred Adler - Individual Psychology
Counseling Theory: This theory focused on ego functions. Theorists felt stress/anxiety focused on social beings and anxiety was rooted in disruptions of basic security. Karen Horney - Holistic Psychology
Counseling Theory: This theory is based on observable human interactions (Interpersonal Relationships). Concepts followed Good, Bad, and Not "Me." Harry Stack Sullivan - Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
Counseling Theory: This theory focused on Unconditional Positive Regard, Congruence, and Empathy. Carl Rodgers - Persona Centered Counseling
Counseling Theory: This Theory is focued on wholeness and that disturbed people become fragmented. 5 Layers must be peeled to reach happiness. Fritz Perls - Gestalt Therapy
Counseling Theory: This Theory focused on therapy focused on meaning. Main approaches gear towards finding life meaning, Anxiety, and Awareness of Death. Viktor Frankl - Logotherapy
Counseling Theory: This theory is focused in choice and the concept that people follow scripts played in different roles or ego states. Life typically unfolds as a life script. Eric Berne - Transactional Analysis
Counseling Theory: This therapy is based in conditioning (stimulus-response). Pavlov - Classical Conditioning
Counseling Theory: This Therapy is based in a behavioral sense. Uses counter conditioning to decrease anxiety to a stimulus. Joseph Wolpe - Systematic Desensitization
Counseling Theory: This approach is based in the concept that all behavior is a result of consequences that follow it. Main concepts are reinforcement and punishment. BF Skinner - Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning: Does all reinforcement decrease behavior? No, Punishment decreases behavior. All reinforcement increases behavior, regardless if it is negative or positive.
Operant Conditioning: Example - Taking away a video game from a child who is yelling. What is concept? Negative Punishment: Taking away something to decrease behavior
Operant Conditioning: Example - Spanking a child who stole something. What is concept? Positive Punishment: Adding something to decrease behavior
Operant Conditioning: Approaches to punishments and reinforcers are called? Behavior Modifications
Theoretical Concept: We learn vicariously through others. We imitate those who receive rewards for behavior. Alburt Bandura - Social Learning Theory
Counseling Theory: Based in Choice Theory, This approach bases behaviors as internally driven. Focuses on effectiveness of behaviors according to wants. William Glasser - Reality Therapy
Counseling Theory: This theory focuses on irrational v. rational thoughts. The application focuses on thinking, judging, analyzing, doing, and re-deciding. Albert Ellis - REBT
Counseling Theory: Theory focused on Cognitive Modification and Coping Skillt training to manage depression, anxiety, etc. Uses stress inoculation. Michembaum - Cognitive-Behavioral Modification
Counseling Theory: This Theory focused on distortions in cognition. Focus is on the interpretation of the event. Aaron Beck - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Counseling Theory: This theory touches on solutions and never problems. Techniques uses scaling and exceptions to accentuate the ability for clients to solve their own problems. Steve DeShazer - SFBT
Counseling Theory: This Theory focuses on having clients explain their own lives. Focus is on restructuring their stories to enliven change. Michael White/David Epstein - Narrative Therapy
Group Techniques: Primary,Secondary, Tertiary Groups Pri-Preventative (Guidance) Sec-Remedial to shorten duration of disorder (Grief, Rape, etc.) Ter-Psychotherapy (Long Term Disorders)
Group Techniques: 2 Main risks of group Scapegoating of member, Breach of Confidentiality
Group Techniques: Connecting the thoughts or actions of members in the group Linking
Group Techniques: Working with a group as a whole on an issues is called vertical intervention? No, Its Called horizontal. Vertical would be if the work was with one person at a time.
Group Techniques: Stage when there is the most conflict in the group? Storming
Career Theories: 2 Dimensional System to classify occupations by fields and levels Rowe - Personality Approach
Career Theories: Theory that focused on career decisions being reversible and occurring over the lifespan. Goal was matching career and life changes for the lifespan. Ginsberg - Occupational Choice
Career Theories: Theory saying cereer development allows people to express themselves as they age and fufull different life roles. Donald Super - Development Career Counseling
Career Theories: This theorist focuses on career maturity John O. Kreitz
Career Theoies: This theorist focuses on anticipation and finding if the job is what a client expected. Tiedman & O'Hara - Individualistic Decision Making Perspective
Career Theories: This theorist focuses on the concept that people choose careers where they have been reinforced in their life. Importance is trying out different jobs. Krumboltz - Social Learning Behavioristic Approach
Career Theories: This model focuses on informaion being the key to making career decisions. Choice on careers leads to a certain expectation or outcome. Gelatt Decision Model
Family Terms: Family interacts to keep balance and status quo Homeostasis
Family Terms: Hypothesis that a family member is strapped to respond to 2 dichotomous messages. Leads to schizophrenic behavior at extreme. Double Bind Hypothesis
Family Terms: Similar outcomes can occur from families in different situations. Equifinality
Family Terms: Same process can produce different results Equipotentiality
Family Terms: Feedback that impacts the family and in return impacts you. Circular Feedback
Family Terms: Father of Family Therapy Nathan Ackerman
Family Terms: When a person splits a person into all good or all bad Splitting
Family Theories: This style of therapy is focused on dysfunctional behavior being learned and unlearned. Interventions use tokens, punishment, etc. Behavioral Family Therapy
Family Theories: This type of theory focuses on Circular Causality. Family Systems Theory - Murray Bowen
Family Theories: This style of therapy focuses on dysfunctional families being rooted in one of two situations (Too interconnected-Diffused, or Too disengaged-Rigid) Structural Family Therapy - Salvador Minuchin
Family Theories: This style used 2 therapists and a 1 way mirror. The problem was redefined as a family, not ID patient. Strategic Marriage and Family Therapy - Jay Haley
Family Theories: This brief approach focuses on solutions, not problems. Does not use catharsis and may last one session. Solution Focused Family Therapy - Steve Dechazer
Family Terms: 1st Order v. 2nd Order Change 1st - Continuing to do what worked previously 2nd - Ability to make a new response
Group Techniques: 1st person credited with group counseling Joseph Hersey
Group Techniques: Major benefit of groups Conducted in Social Context
Group Techniques: Ideal number of people for a group 8
Group Techniques: This process is recommended to avoid having members in a group that are not productive. Pre-Screening
Group Techniques: Term given to a process of deciding whether a group is appropriate for the focus under consideration. Ecological Assessment
Group Techniques: Product v. Process Process - Focus on member interactions Product - Focused on outcome
Group Techniques: Feeling that members would have in a positive group. Feeling that others understand them. Universality
Group Techniques: Stopping comments made by members of a group if they are inappropriate Blocking
Group Techniques: Is there such a thing as an unstructured group? Nope... All groups have some degree of structure.
Group Techniques: Making a picture (as a leader) of what is literally going on in the group. Sociogram
Group Techniques: Bringing here and now feelings, attitudes, and beliefs into the counseling relationship Self-Disclosure
Group Techniques: Leadership Styles - Authoritarian, Democratic, Laissez-faire Authoritainan-Leader Centered Democratic-People Centered Lasissez-Faire - No Designed Leaders
Group Techniques: Helping members try out new attitudes and behaviors. Experimentation
Created by: theostripling
 

 



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