Question
click below
click below
Question
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NCE - Test Prep I
National Counseling Exam - Concepts to Memorize
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Phallic | Stage 3 - Focus on genitalia / Focus on Complexes and desires for opposite sex |
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Genital | Stage 5 - Focus on puberty and attraction / Personality: Less narcissism |
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Oral | Stage 1 - Focus on oral fixations / personality: clingy, passive dependent |
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Latency | Stage 4 - Focus on repressing sexual urges / Social Interactions, Hobbies |
Freud Psychosexual Stage: Anal | Stage 2 - Focus on Control / Personality: Compulsiveness or Disorganization |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Industry v. Inferiority | (6-12)Competence, Master School Skills |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Initiative v. Guilt | (3-6)Purpose, Explore environment & People |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Autonomy v. Shame&Doubt | (1-3)Exploration, Child develops physical autonomy |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Trust v. Mistrust | (B-1)Attachment, Child develops parental bonds |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Intimacy v. Isolation | (18-30)Love, Intimate relationships |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Identity v. Role Confustion | (12-18)Identity/Goals, Find themselves |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Generativity v. Stagnation | (30-LA)Caring for Others, Focus on future generations |
Erikson Psychosocial Stage: Integrity v. Dispair | Wisdom, Life review |
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Concrete Operational | Task:(8-11)Conservation/Tied to known world |
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Formal Operational | Task:(12+)Hypothetical Thinking/Organizing Ideas and "What ifs" |
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Sensorimotor | (B-18mo)Task:Motor Activity+Sympolic Play |
Piaget Cognitive Developmental Stages: Pre-Operational | (18mo-7)Task:Language Development/Simple Logic and Symbolic Play |
Holland Hexagram: Realistic | Work w. Machines and/or hands |
Holland Hexagram: Artistic | Work w. Feeling and Creativity |
Holland Hexagram: Investigative | Work w. Intellect and/or abstract thinking |
Holland Hexagram: Conventional | Work w. Rules and Regulations |
Holland Hexagram: Social | Work w. Interpersonal Situations |
Holland Hexagram: Enterprising | Work w. a Dominating Personality |
Counseling Theory: This theory incorporates archetypes and the collective unconscious of humanity. This theory also became basis for the MBTI. | Carl Jung - Analytic Psychology |
Counseling Theory: This theory focuses on social urges and behavior associated with it. Life is a struggle for superiority. | Alfred Adler - Individual Psychology |
Counseling Theory: This theory focused on ego functions. Theorists felt stress/anxiety focused on social beings and anxiety was rooted in disruptions of basic security. | Karen Horney - Holistic Psychology |
Counseling Theory: This theory is based on observable human interactions (Interpersonal Relationships). Concepts followed Good, Bad, and Not "Me." | Harry Stack Sullivan - Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry |
Counseling Theory: This theory focused on Unconditional Positive Regard, Congruence, and Empathy. | Carl Rodgers - Persona Centered Counseling |
Counseling Theory: This Theory is focued on wholeness and that disturbed people become fragmented. 5 Layers must be peeled to reach happiness. | Fritz Perls - Gestalt Therapy |
Counseling Theory: This Theory focused on therapy focused on meaning. Main approaches gear towards finding life meaning, Anxiety, and Awareness of Death. | Viktor Frankl - Logotherapy |
Counseling Theory: This theory is focused in choice and the concept that people follow scripts played in different roles or ego states. Life typically unfolds as a life script. | Eric Berne - Transactional Analysis |
Counseling Theory: This therapy is based in conditioning (stimulus-response). | Pavlov - Classical Conditioning |
Counseling Theory: This Therapy is based in a behavioral sense. Uses counter conditioning to decrease anxiety to a stimulus. | Joseph Wolpe - Systematic Desensitization |
Counseling Theory: This approach is based in the concept that all behavior is a result of consequences that follow it. Main concepts are reinforcement and punishment. | BF Skinner - Operant Conditioning |
Operant Conditioning: Does all reinforcement decrease behavior? | No, Punishment decreases behavior. All reinforcement increases behavior, regardless if it is negative or positive. |
Operant Conditioning: Example - Taking away a video game from a child who is yelling. What is concept? | Negative Punishment: Taking away something to decrease behavior |
Operant Conditioning: Example - Spanking a child who stole something. What is concept? | Positive Punishment: Adding something to decrease behavior |
Operant Conditioning: Approaches to punishments and reinforcers are called? | Behavior Modifications |
Theoretical Concept: We learn vicariously through others. We imitate those who receive rewards for behavior. | Alburt Bandura - Social Learning Theory |
Counseling Theory: Based in Choice Theory, This approach bases behaviors as internally driven. Focuses on effectiveness of behaviors according to wants. | William Glasser - Reality Therapy |
Counseling Theory: This theory focuses on irrational v. rational thoughts. The application focuses on thinking, judging, analyzing, doing, and re-deciding. | Albert Ellis - REBT |
Counseling Theory: Theory focused on Cognitive Modification and Coping Skillt training to manage depression, anxiety, etc. Uses stress inoculation. | Michembaum - Cognitive-Behavioral Modification |
Counseling Theory: This Theory focused on distortions in cognition. Focus is on the interpretation of the event. | Aaron Beck - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
Counseling Theory: This theory touches on solutions and never problems. Techniques uses scaling and exceptions to accentuate the ability for clients to solve their own problems. | Steve DeShazer - SFBT |
Counseling Theory: This Theory focuses on having clients explain their own lives. Focus is on restructuring their stories to enliven change. | Michael White/David Epstein - Narrative Therapy |
Group Techniques: Primary,Secondary, Tertiary Groups | Pri-Preventative (Guidance) Sec-Remedial to shorten duration of disorder (Grief, Rape, etc.) Ter-Psychotherapy (Long Term Disorders) |
Group Techniques: 2 Main risks of group | Scapegoating of member, Breach of Confidentiality |
Group Techniques: Connecting the thoughts or actions of members in the group | Linking |
Group Techniques: Working with a group as a whole on an issues is called vertical intervention? | No, Its Called horizontal. Vertical would be if the work was with one person at a time. |
Group Techniques: Stage when there is the most conflict in the group? | Storming |
Career Theories: 2 Dimensional System to classify occupations by fields and levels | Rowe - Personality Approach |
Career Theories: Theory that focused on career decisions being reversible and occurring over the lifespan. Goal was matching career and life changes for the lifespan. | Ginsberg - Occupational Choice |
Career Theories: Theory saying cereer development allows people to express themselves as they age and fufull different life roles. | Donald Super - Development Career Counseling |
Career Theories: This theorist focuses on career maturity | John O. Kreitz |
Career Theoies: This theorist focuses on anticipation and finding if the job is what a client expected. | Tiedman & O'Hara - Individualistic Decision Making Perspective |
Career Theories: This theorist focuses on the concept that people choose careers where they have been reinforced in their life. Importance is trying out different jobs. | Krumboltz - Social Learning Behavioristic Approach |
Career Theories: This model focuses on informaion being the key to making career decisions. Choice on careers leads to a certain expectation or outcome. | Gelatt Decision Model |
Family Terms: Family interacts to keep balance and status quo | Homeostasis |
Family Terms: Hypothesis that a family member is strapped to respond to 2 dichotomous messages. Leads to schizophrenic behavior at extreme. | Double Bind Hypothesis |
Family Terms: Similar outcomes can occur from families in different situations. | Equifinality |
Family Terms: Same process can produce different results | Equipotentiality |
Family Terms: Feedback that impacts the family and in return impacts you. | Circular Feedback |
Family Terms: Father of Family Therapy | Nathan Ackerman |
Family Terms: When a person splits a person into all good or all bad | Splitting |
Family Theories: This style of therapy is focused on dysfunctional behavior being learned and unlearned. Interventions use tokens, punishment, etc. | Behavioral Family Therapy |
Family Theories: This type of theory focuses on Circular Causality. | Family Systems Theory - Murray Bowen |
Family Theories: This style of therapy focuses on dysfunctional families being rooted in one of two situations (Too interconnected-Diffused, or Too disengaged-Rigid) | Structural Family Therapy - Salvador Minuchin |
Family Theories: This style used 2 therapists and a 1 way mirror. The problem was redefined as a family, not ID patient. | Strategic Marriage and Family Therapy - Jay Haley |
Family Theories: This brief approach focuses on solutions, not problems. Does not use catharsis and may last one session. | Solution Focused Family Therapy - Steve Dechazer |
Family Terms: 1st Order v. 2nd Order Change | 1st - Continuing to do what worked previously 2nd - Ability to make a new response |
Group Techniques: 1st person credited with group counseling | Joseph Hersey |
Group Techniques: Major benefit of groups | Conducted in Social Context |
Group Techniques: Ideal number of people for a group | 8 |
Group Techniques: This process is recommended to avoid having members in a group that are not productive. | Pre-Screening |
Group Techniques: Term given to a process of deciding whether a group is appropriate for the focus under consideration. | Ecological Assessment |
Group Techniques: Product v. Process | Process - Focus on member interactions Product - Focused on outcome |
Group Techniques: Feeling that members would have in a positive group. Feeling that others understand them. | Universality |
Group Techniques: Stopping comments made by members of a group if they are inappropriate | Blocking |
Group Techniques: Is there such a thing as an unstructured group? | Nope... All groups have some degree of structure. |
Group Techniques: Making a picture (as a leader) of what is literally going on in the group. | Sociogram |
Group Techniques: Bringing here and now feelings, attitudes, and beliefs into the counseling relationship | Self-Disclosure |
Group Techniques: Leadership Styles - Authoritarian, Democratic, Laissez-faire | Authoritainan-Leader Centered Democratic-People Centered Lasissez-Faire - No Designed Leaders |
Group Techniques: Helping members try out new attitudes and behaviors. | Experimentation |