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Microbio Exam 1
Microbio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often from ATP, increasing the energy | phosphorylation |
| the metabolic pathway to break down glucose | glycolysis |
| the loss of electrons and hydrogen atoms | oxidation |
| the gain of electrons and hydrogen atoms | reduction |
| What is the most general taxonomic classification? | Domain |
| What is the most specific taxonomic classification? | Species |
| Taxonomic classification pneumonic | Domain, King Philip Crossed Over For Good Something |
| All prokaryotic cells are _________ celled | single |
| Prokaryotic cells have _______ nuclear membrane | no |
| Prokaryotic cell walls are made of | peptidoglycan |
| Prokaryotic cells do NOT have an _________ such as mitochondria | organelle |
| Eukaryotic cells do/do NOT have nuclear membranes | do |
| Eukaryotic cells do not have peptidoglycan in the cell _____ | wall |
| Eukaryotic cells have many ____________ such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum | organelles |
| Living things: RADICALS | Reproduce, Access ATP, DNA, Interact w/ environment, Cell membrane, Attain homeostatsis, Like evolving, Show off growth |
| Microorganisms are able to convert nitrogen into a more ______ form (available to plants) | usable |
| Used to make dairy, beer, pickle and bread products | Bacteria |
| -ia | plural |
| -um | singular |
| Can produce certain chemicals, i.e. insulin | genetic engineering |
| Organisms that live in extreme environments | Archaea |
| E. coli is in the | Domain Bacteria |
| Examples of Bacteria | Molds, Algae, Mushrooms, Yeasts (fungi) |
| Scientific testing | OQHMRC |
| Protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus, electrons _________ the nucleus | orbit |
| urine pH=6 is | acidic |
| pH 14 is | basic or base |
| pH 7 is | neutral |
| What is the difference between organic and inorganic? | ALL organic molecules have Carbon & Hydrogen (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) |
| DNA base pairs | A-T G-C |
| RNA base pairs | A-U G-C |
| Enzymes _________ chemical reactions | increase |
| Composed of amino acids; composes enzymes | proteins |
| Composition includes a nitrogen, phosphorus, and a 5-C base; Composes genes | nucleic acids |
| DNA and RNA two types of a | nucleic acid |
| Made of saccharides; Preferred energy source; starch, cellulose, glycogen | carbohydrates |
| Energy storage molecules | lipids |
| Carbohydrates in cell membranes can act as markers; chemically recognizable for | immunological purposes |
| composed of a phospholipid bilayer, directly surrounds cytoplasm | cytoplasmic membrane |
| composed of peptidoglycan, provides rigidity | cell wall |
| part of a cell envelope some species have, can be a capsule or slime layer | glycocalyx |
| "resembles a nucleus," where the chromosome is located within a cell | nucleoid |
| in a cell, extra DNA material not in the nucleoid; related to antibacterial resistance | plasmid |
| site of protein synthesis within a cell | ribosome |
| extension of cytoplasmic membrane; helps with adherence or transfer of genetic material | pili |
| site that stores nutrients within a cell | granules |
| Superficial to Deep: Glycocalyx, cell wall, cytoplasmic | membrane |
| Gram positive has no outer membrane, teichoic acid to help with adherence, and a | thick cell wall |
| Gram negative has an outer membrane, lipoprotein, and a | thin cell wall |
| Baccilus | rod-shaped bacteria |
| Coccus | globe-shaped bacteria |
| Streptococci | chain-link shaped bacteria |
| Staphylococci | bunch of grapes-shaped bacteria |
| can cause disease in the human body and food spoilage | mesophiles |
| found in Antartica and refrigerators, causes food spoilage | psychrophiles |
| found in hot springs, compost and water heaters | thermophiles |
| members of Archaea found in hydrothermal vents | extreme thermophiles |
| bacteria with flagella around the perimeter are known as | peritrichous |
| bacteria with lots of flagella out of one end of the organism is known as | polar lophotrichous |
| 3 ways target microbial cells w/out harm to human cell: cell wall (peptidoglycan), LPS (outer membrane Gram -), & | ribosomes (protein synthesis) |
| in real life as cells grow nutrients are used up, wastes compound (leads to stationary phase) | nonsynchronous growth |
| if bacteria divided together, population would double | synchronous growth |
| both facultative and aerotolerant anaerobes grow all through out broth in a | test tube |
| ordinarily aerobic metabolites, they shift to anaerobic when O2 is absent | facultative anaerobes |
| anaerobic metabolites, they can survive in environments containing oxygen | aerotolerant anaerobes |
| organisms that grow best in environment w/a small amount of O2, too much will kill them | microaerophiles |
| organisms that love salt | halophiles |
| organisms that use chemicals as energy source and inorganic carbon (CO2) as carbon source | chemoautotroph (chemolithotroph) |
| organisms that use sunlight for energy and inorganic carbon (CO2) as carbon source | photoautotroph |
| organisms that can use sunlight or chemicals for energy & organic carbon as carbon source | photoheterotroph |
| organisms that use chemicals as energy source and organic carbon as carbon source | chemoheterotroph |
| requires energy to synthesize molecules | anabolism |
| releases energy while breaking down molecules | catabolism |
| what is the purpose of NAD and FAD | to carry Hydrogen ions during the formation of ATP |
| loss or removal of electrons, i.e. hydrogen atoms removed to form water | oxidation |
| gain of electrons | reduction |
| oxidized form of NAD turns into _______ when it is reduced | NADH |
| oxidized form of FAD turns into ______ when it is reduces | FADH2 |
| Glycolysis turns glucose into | 2 pyruvates |
| The end products of glycolysis are | 2 NADH & 4 ATP |
| Transition step turns 2 pyruvates into | 2 Acetyl CoA |
| How many NADH are formed during the Transition Step? | 2 NADH |
| After Acetyl CoA goes through the Kreb's (TCA) Cycle, ______________ are formed | 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, 2 ATP |
| The ETC take 2 FADH2, 10 NADH and turn it into | 34 ATP |
| What is the possible yield of ATP from aerobic respiration? | 38 ATP |
| What step from aerobic respiration is used in fermentation? | glycolysis |
| How much ATP can be produced with fermentation? | 2 ATP |
| The microorganism "Clostridium" produces | CO2 |
| The microorganism "Enterbactero" produces | 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, lactic acid, & CO2 E2ELC |
| The microorganism "Lactobacillus" produces | Lactic acid |
| The microorganism "Proprionibacterium" produces | Proprionic acid and CO2 PPC |
| The microorganism "Saccharomyces" produces | Ethanol and CO2 SACEC |
| The microorganism "Streptococcus" produces | Lactic acid STLAC |
| Glycolysis occurs in the | cytoplasm of a cell |
Created by:
MKC
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