Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
neuro1st
scc nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell body | contains cell nucleus. center of cell metabolism |
| dendrites | short unsheathed processes that transmit impulses to cell body. |
| axons | longer process that transmit impulses away from cell body |
| myelin sheath | covering for most axons. insulates nerve fiber. made up of fat cells |
| saltatory conduction | nodes of ranvier, intermittent gaps in myelin shealth. provide for smooth nerve conduction. |
| cervical nerve plexus | c1-c4, sends motor impulses to neck muscles, sends out phrenic nerve activating diaphragm, recieves sensory impulses from neck and back of head. |
| brachial plexus | c5-t1, innervates shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. |
| lumbosacral plexus | t2-s4, innervates lower extremites. sends out large sciatic nerve |
| Lower motor neurons | outside CNS, goes to skeletal muscles of the body. lesions cause weakness paralysis, muscle atrophy, and decrease muscle tone (flacidity) hyporeflexia |
| Upper motor neurons | inside CNS lesions cause weakness/paralysis, hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone spastic |
| anosognosia | inability to recognize bodily defect or disease. Lesions in r pariental cortex. |
| aphasia, dysphagia | loss or impaired language comprehension,expression, both. l cerebral cortex lesion |
| dysarthria | lack of coordination in articulating speech. cerebellar or cranial nerve lesion. |
| anisocoria | inequality of pupil size. optic nerve inj |
| diplopia | double vision. lesions affecting nerves of extaocular muscles, cerbellar damage. |
| homonymous hemianopsia | loss of vision in one side of visual field. lesions in the contraleteral occipital lobe |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing Lesions involving motor pathways of Cn IX X including lower brainstem |
| ophthalmoplegia | paralysis of eye muscle lesions in brainstem |
| papilledema | choked disc swelling of opic nerve head increase in intracranial pressure |
| Apraxia | inability to perform learned movements despite having desire and physical ability to perform them cerebral cortex lesion |
| ataxia | lack of coordination of movement lesions of sensory or motor pathway, cerebellum, antiseizure drugs, sedatives, hypnotic drug toxicity |
| dyskinesia | impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmentary of incomplete movements disorder of basal ganglia, idosyncratic reaction to psychotropic drugs |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side stroke and other lesions involving motor cortex |
| nystagmus | jerking or bobbing of eyes as they track moving object lesions in cerebellum, brainstem, vestibular system |
| analgesia | loss of pain sensation lesion in spinothalmic tract or thalamus |
| anesthesia | abesence of sensation. lesions in spinal cord thalamus, sensory cortex, peripheral sensory nerve |
| paresthesia | alteration in sensation lesions in the posterior column or sensory cortex |
| astereognosis | inability to recognize form of object by touch lesions in parietal cortex |
| extensor plantar response (babinski) | upgoing toes with plantar stimulation upper motor neuron lesion |
| deep tendon reflexes | deminished or absent motor response lower motor neuron lesions |
| paraplegia | paralysis of lower extremities spinal cord transection or mass lesion thoracolumbar region |
| tetraplegia | paralysis of all extremities spinal cord transection or mass lesion cervical lesion |
| monro kellie principal | any increase of volume of one component (brain tissue, blood, csf)changes the volume of other two. |
| fx that influence ICP | b/p (a+v) intraabdominal/intrathroacic pressure posture temperature blood gases (acidosis dialation) |
| Normal ICP | 0-15mmhg |
| Initial adaption of ICP | csf absorption displacement of csf through brainstem, collapse of cerebral veins and sinuses |
| secondary adaption of ICP | decreased production of csf change in intracranial blood volume venous outflow slight compression of brain tissue |
| cerebral perfusion pressure | pressure needed to ensure blood flow to brain. norm 70-100mmhg. |
| CCP equation | CCP=MAP-ICP |
| ccp below 60 | ischemia |
| ccp below 30 | not compatible with life |
| CCP changes Stage One | autoregulation is occuring. |
| CCP changes Stage Two | compliance is beginning to lessen. increase in volume places patient at risk |
| CCP changes Stage Three | IICP with Cushing Triad |
| Cushings Triad | widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, changes in respirations. |
| CCP Stage Four | hernation is occuring IICP causes cerebral edemia and anoxia. |
| Factors affecting cerebral blood flow | Pao2 levels <50=cerebral vasodialation paco2 acidotic state potent vasodialtor |
| Blood pressure should be maintained to: | 100-140 systolic |
| O2 should be maintained to: | 95% |
| IICP | any increase in the brains three components |
| Vasogenic cerebral edema | change in white matter and blood brain barrier. Leakage of proteins from capillaries causing change in osmotic force. |
| Causes of vasogenic cerebral edema | brain tumor ingested toxins hemorrhages |
| cytotoxic cerebral edema | local distruption of cell membrane (gray matter) Fluid moves from intravascular space into cells. |
| Causes of cytotoxic cerebral edema | any hypoxic inj sodium depletion SIADH |
| interstitial cerebral edema | Increased CSF pushed into interstitial space |
| Causes of interstitial edema | hydrocephalus water overload |
| Conciousness | awareness of self and surroundings |
| altered conciousness | change in normal loc |
| unconsciousness | unaware of self and surroundings |
| arousal | state of wakefullness dependent on FAS |
| content | ability to think, reason, feel and react purposefully |
| unconcious state | does not respond to pain or corneal/gag/swallow pupillary reflexes |
| Cheyne Stokes respirations | cycles of hyperventilation and apnea Abg decrease co2 slight decrease o2 |
| central neurogenic hyperventilation | sustained regaular rapid and deep breathing abg respiratory alkalosis brain stem dysfx lower midbrain/upper pons |
| apneustic | apneustic center deep and prolong inspiration dysfx in pons |
| cluster breathing | clusters of breaths follow each other with irregular pauses between dysfx of pons or medulla |
| ataxic (biots) | completely irregular breathing pattern with some dep and some irregular pauses. slow rate medulla dx |
Created by:
1161798020
Popular Nursing sets