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COD N2 Respiratory

COD N2 Respiratory EXAM!

QuestionAnswer
What are the kinds of pneumonia? viral, mycoplasma pneumonia, opportunistic, pneumocystitis carinii(HIV), chemical Aspiration
what is TB? chronic infection for the lung
what is the cause of TB mycobacterium
Coccidiomycosis "Valley Fever" ... pulmonary infection caused by the mold spore Coccidioides immitis,
Bronchiolectasis acquired congenital disorder of large bronchi in which chronic dilation of bronchioles occurs over time, resulting in increased mucus formation & difficulty breathing
What are the 3 types of Bronchiolectasis cylindrical, varicose, cystic
what is right sided heart failure called? Cor pulmonale
What is pH? potential hydrogen
what are the respiratory causes of Acidosis? Pulmonary disorder, pulmonary edema, oversedation from anesthesia, and neuromuscular disease.
what are some metabolic causes of Acidosis? Renal disease, DKA Shock, pancreatitisis , drug overdose, cardiac arrest, diarrhea.
What might falsify SpO2 results peripheral vascular disease, anemia & dehydration
What is the first priority for nursing management of pneumonia Prevention of pneumonia first priority good oral hygiene prevents spread of infection
What is restrictive lung disorder Any disease that affects outside the lung fields & includes any abnormality of the chest wall, pleura & respiratory muscles
antibiotics commonly used to treat pneumonia azithromycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin
What is a more accurate indication of actual oxygen saturation than pulse ABG’s
Independent interventions for a patient with pneumonia Ambulate, turn patient, Incentive spirometer, HOB up, humified air, Cough and deep breath, rest
Dependent interventions for a patient with pneumonia IV, Postural Drainage, O2, Phisotherapy, medications, C&S, induced sputum culture
What are factors in alkalosis? Increased pH, decreased H+ion concentration, increased HCo3 in metabloic alkalosis
give the parameters of pH, PaCo2, HCo3, and Po2 pH 7.35-7.45 PaCo2-35-45 HCo3 22-26 Po2 80-100
What are S/S of bronchitis? Digital clubbing, cardiac enlargement, cough, cyanotic, hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, edematous, increased RR, dyspnea.
What is the etiology of emphysema? Inflammatory process, smoking, polution, inherited deficiency of enzyme. Emphysema is destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane
What are the S/S of emphysema? Non productive cough, wheezing, barrel chest, anxious, use of accessory muscles to breath, no cyanosis!!!!, increased CO2 retention. Right sided heart failure
What is pursed-lip breathing, and what is the purpose of it? Breath in slowly thru nose, hold breath for 3 seconds, purse lips and exhale slowly. Used for Dyspnea, reduces panic and promotes relaxation
What is the etiology of asthma? Triggers cause the presence of inflammatory mediators from bronchial mast cells, macrophages and epithelial cells leads to wheezing, coughing and chest tightness.
What are the precipitating factors for asthma? Allergies, NSAIDS, Family history, drugs,smoke exposure, seasonal changes, emotions/tensions, pets, mold, mildew, dust mites, air pollution, infections, exercise, Atopy
What is hypercapnia carbon dioxide accumlates in the blood
what is the treatment for respiratory acidosis ambulation after surgery, pain medications if surgical pain is the cause, bronchodialtors
What is the s/s of T.B.? progressive fatigue, malaise, anorexia, wt loss, chest pain, chronic prod cough, low grade fever,night sweats, hemopytsis.
what are the meds used for T.B. isoniazid(INH) rifampin (RIF) ethambutol (EMB) pyrazinamide (PZA).
How should you teach a COPD pt to breathe pursed lip breathing
what is pursed lip breathing Improves ventilation, Releases trapped air in the lungs, Keeps the airways open longer & decreases the wrk of breth, Prolongs exhalation to slow the breathing rate, Improves breathing patterns by moving old air out of the lungs
what are a couple of physical characteristics of COPD barrel chest and clubbed digits
what is the name given to emphysema pts and why pink puffer, b/c of the Co2 retention
when the lung destruction involves the distal airway structures and alveolar sacs, the thin-walled larger airspaces are called? Blebs
what are some tests used to determine COPD? pulse, spirometry, CXR, CT scan, ECG, ABG's.
What meds are given for COPD? beta adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and methylxanthines.
what are the 2 diseases that encompass COPD? emphysema and chronic bronchitis
what are the causes of metabloic alkalosis? overuse of antacids, loss of gastric juices thru suctioning, K+ wasting diuretics (Loop)
what are the s/s of hypoxia restlessness, tachycardia, diaphoresis, retractions altered LOC, and later ( cyanosis)
What are s/s of asthma wheezing, SOB, cough, increased mucous prod, retractions, and prolonged expirations.
what is hypoxia? insdequate amt of O2 avail. for celular metabolism
Late manifestations of hypoxia? increased restlessness, somnolence, stupor, dyspnea, decreased respiration, breadycardia, cyanosis
early manifestations of hypoxia? restlessness, tachycardia, dyspnea, increased agitation, diaphoresis, retractions, ALOC
Chronic Bronchitis "AKA Blue Bloater" Color Dusky to Cyanotic, Recurrent Cough & increased sputum, hypoxia, Hypercapnia, inc. Hgb, inc. resp. rate, exertional dyspnea, inc. incidence in smokers, digital clubbing, cardiac enlargement,
Oxygen L/min for a NC 1/2 L up to 6 L
Simple Mask L/min 5-8 L/min
What should you do if your patient is on a simple mask at 5 L/min and 100% sp02 move him to a NC, because he will be inhaling his own CO2
Venturi mask delivers how much oxygen? 24% to 55% oxygen depending on the device
NRB L/min 15 L/min Hi flow O2
do you need order for humidified air or to humidify the oxygen that is already ordered? No
Room Air = 21%
1 Liter of O2 via NC = 24%
every liter of oxygen after 1 L/min = 4%
what must you have in the room when caring for a Trache patient? A new trache the one the same size or smaller
what is an obduator the piece that helps guide the trache when putting it in place
MDI = metered dose inhalers
Air moves in and out of the ______ lungs
movement of air through the lungs is called ventilation
movement between the blood and the tissue profusion
wheeses are signs of what condition Asthma
Rales are associated with CHF or pneumonia
subcutaneous emphysema occurs when gas or air is present in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. Subcutaneous emphysema has a characteristic crackling feel to the touch, a sensation that has been described as similar to touching Rice Krispies
what is cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine
cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across an epithelium, leading to thick, viscous secretions
S/S of cystic fibrosis Chronic or recurrent productive cough w/sputum, wheezing, dyspnea, recurrentinfections, bronchiectasis, infiltrates and scarring on CXR. Also acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, atelectasis and peribronchial and perenchymal scarring
S/S Empyema •Chest pain, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy) •Dry cough •Excessive sweating, especially night sweats •Fever and chills •General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) •Shortness of breath •Weight loss (unintentional)
What is Empyema A collection of pus in the space between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall
Hemoptysis coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway. It may be either self-limiting or recurrent.
Lung Absess necrosis of the pulmonary tissue and formation of cavities containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection
what is a restrictive lung disease Any disease that affects outside the lung fields & includes any abnormality of the chest wall, pleura & respiratory muscles
plural effusion fluid in the plural space
S/S lung absess foul smelling sputum, pain, cough, low grade fever
what if a chest is not semectrical? could be a sign of effusion on one side
what kind of position would a patient be in for a Thoracentesis bent over side table, remind patient not to cough during procedure
what test should you order after a Thoracentesis CXR S/P Thoracentesis
what kind of medication is given for a PE Heparin
Cause of Histoplasmosis Infection caused by soil borne fungus from bird droppings prevalent in Ohio/Mississippi River
what to assess after patient with PE is starting Heparin Therapy Lung, mental status, DVT, V/S, cardio vascular,
What do we need to do if a patient wants to talk and they have a phenitsrative treache? cuff deflated, put finger over treache
pilot ballon must be filled by respiratory
is the inner canula of a trache disposable only if it made of plastic
Created by: jaymee4647
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