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link 8 & 8.1
Blood and Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the term for red blood cells | erythrocytes |
| What is the term for white blood cells | leukocytes |
| Cell fragments needed for clotting are called | patelets or thrombocytes |
| What component makes up 55% of blood that is made of 91% water, 1% sugar, 8% protein, and 1% nutrients and electrolytes | plasma |
| What protein of plasma combats infection and is made of white blood cells | antibodies |
| What protein of plasma is necessary for blood coagulation and is made in the liver | clotting factors |
| What protein of plasma is a group of enzymes that help antibodies fight infection | complement |
| Name the plasma protein that is manufactured in the liver and helps maintain osmotic pressur | albumin |
| What is produced in red bone marrow, and has hematopoietic stem cells that develop blood cells | formed elements |
| Name the major blood disorder in which there is a abnormally low level of hemoglobin or red cells in the blood and thus impaired delivery of oxygen to the tissue | anemia |
| Name the major blood disorder that is a neoplastic blood disease characterized by an increase in the number of white blood cells | leukemia |
| Name the major blood disorder that is a condition characterized by an abnormal tendency to bleed because of a breakdown in the bodys clotting mechanism | clotting disorder |
| People with the D antigen are said to be | Rh positive |
| People whitout the D antigen are said to be | Rh negative |
| This type of anemia is a dificiency of vutamin B12 due to lack of the intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12 from the intestines | pernicious anemia |
| This type of anemia of excessive destruction of red blood cells due to overactive spleen or infection | hemolytic anemia |
| This type of anemis of red blood cells changing to a sickle shape and stick together blocking smaller blood vessels | sickle cell anemia |
| This type of anemia that is a lack of adequate iron in the diet, seen more frequently in women and in children | iron-deficiency anemia |
| This type of anemia is bone marrow failure due to physical or chemical agents | aplastic anemia |
| When cancer of the blood-forming tissue arises from lymphoid tissue so that most of the abnormal cells are lymphocytes is a condition called | lymphocytic leukemia |
| When cancer of the blood-forming tissue arises from myeloid tissue in the bone marrow and there are a very large number of white blood cells is a condition called | myelogenous leukemia |
| Symptoms of ___________ are similar to symptoms of anemia because the white cells overwhelm the red cells | leukemia |
| Name the clotting disorder involving excessive clotting, leading to hemorrhage when clotting factors have already been used | disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC |
| Name the clotting disorder that is a hereditary bleeding disorder due to lack of a clotting factor VIII | hemophilia |
| Name the clotting disorder that is a dificiency in the number of platelets causing hemorrhage and bruising | thrombocytopenia |
| Name the clotting disorder that is a hereditary clotting disorder due to lack of the factor that helps platelets stick to damaged tissue | von willebrand disease |
| The normal count ranging from 150,000 to 450,000 per cubic millimeter of blood is a | platelet count |
| What includes many test and is done on a sma machine that can preform up to 20 test per min | blood chemistry |
| This test the color of a patients blood and is compared with a known color scale | hemoglobin test |
| The normal count ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood is a | white cell count |
| The examination of a drop of blood spread thinly over a glass slide and stained with wrights stain to visualize red and white blood cells is called a | complete blood count |
| The examination of the percentage of each type of white cell in a blood smear is called a | differentail white count |
| The normal count ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 million cells per cubic millimeter of blood is a | red cell count |
| What studie may include the amounts of various clotting factors, bleeding time, clotting time, capillary strength, and platelet function | coagulation studies |
| The increased levels of these two enzymes indicate tissue damage and may be seen with heart damage | CPK and LDH |
| When bone marrow is taken from the sternum, sacrum, or iliac crest to examine under a microscope to aid in diagnosing leukemia and certain anemias is a study called | bone marrow biopsy |
| Name the thin smooth layer of epithelial cells that lines the heart's interior | endocardium |
| Name the heart muscle that is the thickest middle layer and pumps blood through the vessels | myocardium |
| Name the serous membrane that forms the thin outermost layer of the heart wall | epicardium |
| The sac that encloses the heart is called the | pericardium |
| Name the thin-walled chamber that receives blood returning from the body tissue | right atrium |
| What chamber pumps venous blood received from the right atrium to the lungs | right ventricle |
| What chamber receives blood high in oxygen content as it returns from the lungs in the pulmonary veins | left atrium |
| What chamber has the thickest wall, and pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body | left ventricle |
| The blood vessels that provide oxygen and nourishment to the myocardium and remove wast products are referred to as the | coronary circulation |
| One complete sequence of heart contration and relaxation is called the | cardiac cycle |
| The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one min is known as | cardiac output |
| The contraction of the ventricles of the heart is known as | systole |
| When the ventricles of the heart relax it is called | diastole |
| Which cranial nerve causes slowing of the heart rate | vagus nerve |
| Name the heart rate that is below 60 beats per min | bradycardia |
| What heart rate is quivering of the heart chambers | fibrillation |
| Name the normal veriation in the heart rate due to rate and depth of breathing | sinus arrhythmia |
| Name the heart rate above 100 beats per min | tachycardia |
| What heart rate beat comes before the next expected beat | premature beat |
| What congenital heart disease is four specific defects that occur together | tetralogy of fallot |
| What congenital heart disease is failure of opening between the two atria to close at birth | atrial septal defect |
| What congenital heart disease is narrowing of the aortic arch | coarctation of the aorta |
| What congenital heart disease is a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles | ventricular septal defect |
| What congenital heart disease is failure of the small blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta to close after birth | patent ductus arteriosus |
| An abnormal heart sound that may be caused due to narrowing of a valve opening, birth defects, disease, or physiologic variations that can be heard if a heart vavle fails to close tightly allowing blood to leak backward is called a | heart murmur |
| If strep throat is not treated effectively it can lead to a systemic inflammation illness called | rheumatic fever |
| When a mitral valve does not close completely the condition is known as insufficiency or | mitral regurgition |
| When a mitral valve does not open completely or the valve opening is narrowed the condition is known as | mirtal stenosis |
| When a person has rheumatic heart disease, what will a professional hear when listening to the heart | mirtal mumur |
| A temporary decrease in blood supply to an area of the heart due to plaque bildup in the coronary arteries is called | ischemia |
| When a person experiences chest pain and pressure that is relived by resting is a condition called | angina pectoris |
| What is the medical term for a heart attack | myocardial infraction |
| What medication lowers high blood pressure and improves blood flow to the heart | beta blockers and calcium channel blockers |
| Name the medication that prevents blood clots in the coronary arteries that lead to a heart attack | anticoagulants |
| This medication dilates the coronary arteries to relive pain due to angina | nitroglycerin |
| What medication prevents irregular heart beats that could lead to fibrillation | antiarrhythmics |
| This medication slows and strengthens the hearts contractions and removes fluid buildup in the in the CHF | digitalis and diuretics |
| The studie of tracing and showing electrical and musculer activity of the heart | electrocardiogram |
| This studie reveals abnormal sounds of the heart such as murmurs, gallops, and rubs | ausculation with stethoscope |
| What studie is an invasive procedure involving dye and fluoroscopy to detect narrowing of the coronary arteries | cardiac catheterization |
| What maybe physical or chemical measures the hearts response to stressors | stress test |
| What studie uses an ultrasound of the heart showing the size, shape, and function | echocardiogram |
| What type of surgery opens a narrowed coronary artery by inflating a ballon | angioplasty |
| What surgery can be done when a heart valve becomes too scarred to work correctly | valve replacement |
| What is the name of the small tube that is left behind in a coronary artery to keep it from blocking or narrowing again | stent |
| Name the surgery that leaves the damaged coronary arterys in place and grafting blood vessels from other parts of the body into the vessels to bypass any obstructions | coronary artery bypass graft |
| What cells are disk-shaped with a depression on both sides, have a life span of 120 days, and have the hormone erythopoietin stimulating red bone marrow to produce them | red blood cells |
| What cells are 5,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood, have different size and shapes of nucleus to identifie them, and have five different types | white blood cells |
| This heart sound is a longer, lower-pitched sound that occurs at the start of ventricular systole | lub |
| This heart sound is shorter and sharper, and occurs at the beginning of the ventricular relaxation which is caused largely by sudden closure of the semilunar valves | dup |
Created by:
maryce
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