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Pip's Excretion AP
Excretion 912927
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excretion | Removal of metabolic wastes Nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism CO2 from cell respiration Water from cell respiration |
| Human Organs of Excretion | Skin, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys |
| Skin | Excretes water and nitrogenous wastes in sweat |
| Lungs | Excretion of CO2 and water vapor |
| Kidneys | Excretion of nitrogenous waste and excess water |
| Liver | Sometimes considered an organ of excretion because it is the site of deamination and where urea is produced |
| Deamination | Removal of the amine group from amino acids |
| Nonhuman Organs of Excretion | Insects - Malpighian tubes Earthworms - Nephridia Platyhelinthes - Flame Cells Freshwater Protista - Contractile Vacuole |
| Nitrogenous Wastes | Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid |
| Ammonia | Very soluble in water and highly toxic Generally excreted by organisms that live in water, including hydra and fish |
| Urea | Not as toxic as ammonia Excreted by earthworms and humans In mammals, formed in liver from ammonia |
| Uric Acid | Pastelike substance that is not soluble in water and therefore not very toxic Excreted by terrestrial animals like insects, many reptiles, and birds with minimum water loss |
| Function of Human Kidney | Basic functional unit =nephron Removes metabolic wastes-urea Acts as an osmoregulator-adjusts both volume and concentration of urine depending on several factors: Intake of water, intake of salt, production of urea from protein metabolism |
| Nephron | Consists of glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule or duct Carries out its function in four steps: Filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion |
| Filtration | Molecules diffuse from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule Occurs by passive transport Nonselective The liquid that filters into the capsule is calle filtrate The filtrate includes all molecules small enough to diffuse into Bowman' capsule |
| Secretion | The selective reuptake of molecules that did not get filtered into Bowman's capsule Occurs by active transport Occurs in proximal and distal tubules |
| Reabsorption | Process by which most water and valuable solutes that entered tubule during filtration are transported back into capillaries Occurs by passive & active transport Occurs mainly in loop of Henle and collecting tubule |
| Hormone Control of Nephron | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Part of a feedback mechanism that respons to changes in concentration of blood Released by posterior pituitary Increases permeability of collecting tubule to water so water can be reabsorbed back into blood, reducing excessive water loss through urinati |
| Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) | Part of a feedback mechanism that responds to decreased blood pressure which can result from excessive sweating or inadequate fluid intake Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb more water and causes arteriole to constrict Increases blood pressure |
Created by:
tracypippins
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