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Digestive Systm Roop
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alimentary canal | digestive tract consisting of a tube running between the mouth and the anus |
| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver |
| liver | produces bile and stores glycogen |
| pancreas | produces insulin and enzymes |
| mouth | oral cavity; mechanical digestion (chewing) and starts chemical digestion of carbs |
| pharynx | the throat; last place food and air mix |
| esophagus | muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | large muscular sac that continues mechanical digestion and starts chemical digestion of proteins |
| small intestine | organ in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| large intestine | organ that absorbs water from undigested material |
| rectum | lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored |
| chemical digestion | process in which enzymes and other chemicals are used to break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks |
| absorption | process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
| defecation | elimination of fecal waste through the anus |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine which receives secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas |
| ileum | last and longest portion of the small intestine where most absorption takes place |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine where most chemical digestion is completed |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
| mesentery | a membrane that attaches the small intestine to the abdominal wall |
| tongue | muscular organ which assists with chewing |
| anus | muscular opening at the end of the rectum |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine where appendix is attached |
| insulin | pancreatic hormone that lowers blood sugar |
| villi | projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients |
| bile | a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles |
| chyme | paste of food and gastric juices |
| pepsin | enzyme hat begins the breakdown of proteins in the stomach |
| amylase | enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates |
| soft palate | soft part of the back of the roof of the mouth; covers the nasal cavity when you swallow |
| epiglottis | flap that covers the trachea while swallowing |
| lower esophageal sphincter | muscular opening between the esophagus and stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine |
| bolus | chewed up clump of food |
| rugae | numerous folds of the stomach which allow the stomach to be able to expand |
| appendix | closed end of the cecum; has no known digestive function |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver; caused by viruses |
| frenulum | attaches the tongue to the bottom of the mouth |
Created by:
jfroop
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