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Infants & Children
terminology and definitions related to infants and children
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Child between the ages of 12-18. | adolescent |
| "Soft spot" at the front of an infant's skull where the bones are not fused together yet. | fontanelle |
| Flowing oxygen over the face of a small child so it will be inhaled. | blow-by oxygen |
| Child between the ages of 6-12. | school aged child |
| Child between the ages of 1-3. | toddler |
| Feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach. | gastrostomy tube |
| Child between birth and 1 year. | newborn or infant |
| Child between the ages of 3-6. | preschooler |
| Bacterial infection that produces swelling of the epiglottis and partial airway obstruction. | epiglottiitis |
| Sudden unexplained death during sleep of an apparently healthy baby in its first year of life. | SIDS- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
| Complication of a rapidly rising temperature. | febrile seizure |
| Group of viral illnesses that cause inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. | croup |
| Tube placed through the neck into the trachea to create an open airway. | tracheostomy tube |
| Intravenous line that is placed close to the heart. | central line |
| Drainage device that runs from the brain to the abdomen to relieve excess cerebrospinal fluid. | shunt |
| Appropriate things to do when assessing the toddler: | have the child sit on the parent's lap, avoid lying to the patient, explain what you are doing |
| Until the age of 4, the child's head is PROPORTIONATELY ___ and ___ than the adult's. | larger and heavier |
| A sunken fontanelle indicates | dehydration |
| A bulging fontanelle indicates | elevated intracranial pressure |
| Newborns usually breathe through their | nose. |
| In an infant, hyperextension of the neck may result in | airway obstruction |
| Suctioning an unresponsive child's airway for longer than a few seconds at a time is likely to lead to | cardiac arrest |
| Tongues of infants and children are more likely than an adult's to block the airway because their tongues are | proportionately larger |
| When assessing capillary refill a child younger than 5, peripheral perfusion is satisfactory is color returns in less than: | 2 seconds |
| Signs of partial airway obstruction in an infant or child: | stridor, crowing,pink skin, adequate peripheral perfusion |
| Signs of severe partial or complete airway obstruction in an infant or child: | cyanosis, altered mental status, inability to speak |
| Guidelines to follow when ventilating an infant or child: | avoid breathing too hard through pocket face mask, avoid excessive bag pressure and volume, use the proper size mask so it seals |
| Effects of hypoxia on an infant and child include: | slowed heart rate, altered mental status |
| This ventilation device is contraindicated for use with infants and children. | flow-restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device (FROPVD) |
| Common causes of shock in children include: | infection, trauma, blood loss, dehydration |
| Less common causes of shock in children include: | allergic reactions, cardiac events, poisoning |
| Blood volume in infants and children is approximately this percent of their body weight. | 8% |
| When children are in shock, they may: | compensate for a long time, appear better than they actually are, decompensate very rapidly |
| When a child is bleeding internally, the EMT-B should avoid | waiting for signs of decompensated shock before treating for shock |
| Decreased urine output and absence of tears are signs of ___ in infants and children. | shock |
| When treating a child who is in shock, what position would you put their legs in. | elevate the patient's legs |
| Because children have a large skin surface area in proportion to their body mass, they are susceptible to | hypothermia |
| A viral illness that causes inflammation of the upper airway and bronchi, also a seal bark cough is | croup |
| This portion of pediatric trauma deaths are related to airway mismanagement. | 1/3 |
| Causes of fever in children include: | infection, pneumonia, upper respiratory infection |
| How is an infant's skin temperature determined in the pre-hospital setting? | with an ungloved hand |
| Treatments for an infant or child with a high fever include: | submerge in cold water, use rubbing alcohol to cool, cover patient with towel soaked in ice water |
| Severe aspirin poisoning can cause: | seizures, coma, shock |
| Common cause of lead poisoning in children is | ingesting or licking chips of lead-based paint |
| Why would you be concerned if a child has ingested a handful of adult vitamin tablets? | vitamins contain iron which is fatal to children |
| Most meningitis cases occur between the ages of | one month and 5 years |
| In cases of sudden infant death syndrome, the EMT-B should still | provide resuscitation and transport |
| Number one cause of death in infants and children is | trauma |
| Symptoms of a head injury include: | altered mental status, respiratory arrest, possible internal injuries if patient is in shock |
| In children, because these features are immature/less developed there is less protection for underlying organs | abdominal muscles and musculoskeletal structures of the chest |
| When using a PASG on a pediatric patient, which section should not be used? | abdominal |
| Indications of child abuse include: | repeated responses to provide care, poorly healed wounds and fractures, indications of past injuries |
| If you are at a home and suspect child abuse, carefully observe for: | angry family members, indications of drug and alcohol use, torn clothing on child |
| It is important never to do this if you suspect abuse. | talk to the child alone and ask questions about abuse |
| Problems that can occur when treating a child with a tracheostomy include: | obstruction, bleeding on/around tube, air leak, infection, dislodged tube |
| Complications of central venous lines include: | infection, bleeding, cracked line, clotting off the line |
| Rescue breathing for child with signs of puberty/adult. | 2 seconds/ 10-12 |
| Rescue breathing for child without signs of puberty. | 1 second/12-20 |
| Rescue breathing for infant. | 1 second/12-20 |
Created by:
UBEMT
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