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Bacteria Chs.

Morphology, motility, and staining

QuestionAnswer
diplococci paired bacteria
Coccoid round-shaped bacteria (coccus, sing. form; cocci, pl.)
streptococci chain of bacteria
staphylococci cluster of bacteria
coccobacilli a bacterial cell intermediate in morphology between a coccus and a bacillus. While still rod shaped, coccobacilli are so short and wide that they resemble cocci.
bacillus rod-shaped bacteria (bacillus, sing. form; bacilli, pl.)
spirilla spiral shaped bacteria
L-form bacteria that lose normal shape due to adverse environmental conditions; once normal conditions are reestablished cells revert to normal shape
Flagella long thin structure attached to the outside of a cell; uses whipping motion to provide motility to the cell
Cilia fine, short, hairlike extensions located on the surface of the cell; their coordinated, rhythmic movement allows the cell to move
Simple stain used to determine basic shape and structures of cell; single dye such as methlylene blue is used and the cell is rinsed with water
Gram stain cells stained w/crystal violet; washed w/ethanol that removes purple stain from bacteria that don't retain the stain; red dye safranin applied; specimen rinsed with water. Gram(+) = Purple, Gram(-) = Red, Gram-variable= Neither purple or red
Acid-fast stain Used to identify bacteria classified in the genus "mycobacterium". Red dye (carbolfuchsin) is retained by acid-fast bacteria.
Obligate Aerobes Require a level of oxygen found in a typical room.
Microaerophiles Require oxygen but at a level lower than that found in room air; (about 5% oxygen)
Obligate Anaerobes will not grow if there is any amount of oxygen present in the environment
Facultative Anaerobes Able to survive in an environment that contains oxygen or no oxygen
Aerotolerant Anaerobes Grow best in environment without oxygen; but can survive in atmosphere that contains up to 15% oxygen
Capnophiles grow best in high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Created by: mozaki
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