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week5religofworld
Christianity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apostles | major figures in the early Church |
| Aquinas | 1225-1274 Catholic theologian; synthesized Aristotle with Catholicism |
| Arianism | early Christian heresy of Arius; "the Father is greater than the Son" |
| Augustine | 354-430 Catholic theologian who synthesized Plato & Christianity; the Church administers the sacraments; major opponent of Pelagius and Donatus |
| Baptism | initiation/conversion rite of water immersion |
| Baptist | large Protestant denomination; emphasizes adult Baptism by full immersion |
| Bible | the basic Christian canon, the books of the Old and New Testaments |
| Bishop | a member of the clergy having direct authority over other priests or ministers |
| Canon | an official list, especially of scripture that religious leaders accept as authoritative |
| Cardinal | a member of a powerful council in the Catholic Church; that selects the new pope; the pope can name new cardinals |
| Cathedral | the main church in a Catholic diocese |
| Catholic | Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church; largest Christian denomination, syncretistic, follows the Pope |
| Christ | Greek term, "anointed one," given to Jesus of Galilee, founder of Christianity |
| Christianity | all those churches accepting the role of Jesus as Son of God |
| Church | a building for Christian worship; a denomination, especially the Roman Catholic or an established sect |
| Clergy | a minister of the church, religious leadership |
| Communion | Christian ritual partaking of bread and wine in remembrance of Christ |
| Confirmation | sacrament of full initiation into the Church |
| Constantine | 4th century Roman Emperor, Christian convert |
| Conversion | forming an affiliation to a religion; many sects proselytize in hopes of gaining converts |
| Creed | a denomination's doctrinal system |
| Crucifix | model of Jesus on a cross |
| Crusades | 1095-1291 wars launched by the popes in order to re-capture Palestine from Muslims |
| Disciple | one of the twelve apostles selected by Jesus in Galilee, also the name of an American Protestant sect |
| Easter | Christian spring holiday celebrating the last days of Jesus, his crucifixion, and resurrection; many Teutonic and Celtic symbols (e.g., eggs, rabbits) have come in to this holiday |
| Episcopalian | what Church of England is called in the U.S.; similar to Catholics in ritual; priests can marry |
| Epistles | books of the New Testament which are letters by the apostles (e.g., Paul, Peter, Jude, James) |
| Eucharist | see Communion |
| Evangelist | a preacher, especially a revivalist or missionary; also a term for the gospel authors Mark, Matthew, Luke, John |
| Excommunication | when someone is kicked out of a denomination or order |
| Gentile | Jewish and Christian term for people who are not of Jewish origin |
| Gnosticism | 1st century movement emphasizing secret knowledge about dualism of matter/spirit; foundation of many heresies |
| Gospel | one of the first four books of the New Testament; the "good news" about Jesus and salvation |
| Heaven | state of spiritual bliss in the afterlife, dwelling place of God and angels (e.g., Islam, Christianity) |
| Henry VIII | 1491-1547 English king who declared himself head of the Church in order to get a divorce |
| Heresy | a statement not in accord with a church's doctrine is declared a heresy by that church |
| Holy Communion | see Communion and Eucharist |
| Holy Spirit | third person of Trinity; indwelling spirit of God in Christians, also known as Holy Ghost |
| Immaculate Conception | The doctrine that Jesus was conceived in his mother's womb without original sin |
| Indulgences | medieval Catholic practice of letting people give money to the Church to escape (or lessen time in) purgatory |
| Infallibility | Vatican Council of 1870 declared "The Pope speaking ex-cathedra on doctrine or morals is infallible" |
| Inquisition | Catholic persecution of heretics and witches, starting in 12th century |
| Jesuit | Catholic order of priests founded by Ignatius Loyola in 16th century, the Society of Jesus |
| Jesus | 1st century Galilean worshipped as Son of God by Christians; accepted as prophet by Muslims; life described in New Testament |
| John Calvin | 1509-1564 Protestant reformer; preached predestination; influenced Reformed Churches, Puritans |
| John the Baptist | 1st century Jewish prophet; foretold the coming Messiah; baptized Jesus, executed by Herod |
| Lent | ascetic period from Ash Wednesday until Easter |
| Lord's Supper | see Communion, Eucharist and Holy Communion |
| Mary | mother of Jesus, Catholics give her special veneration |
| Mass | Church service culminating in Eucharist (Catholic) |
| Messiah | expected Jewish savior king; Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah |
| New Testament | part of the Bible describing Jesus and Apostles; it is composed of the four gospels, the Book of Acts, and many epistles by Paul, Peter, John, James, Jude |
| Nun | pious, celibate female monastic |
| Old Testament | part of Bible written before Jesus, including the Jewish Torah, and writings of the Hebrew and Israelite prophets |
| Ordination | sacrament of initiation into the Catholic priesthood |
| Origen | 185-255 Christian mystic, incorporated Neoplatonism |
| Original sin | when Adam sinned, the entire human race fell from grace |
| Papal | pertaining to the pope |
| Passion | suffering of Jesus on the cross |
| Pastor | title given to Christian clergy, especially head of a local church |
| Paul | 1st century Christian convert Apostle; wrote many of the New Testament epistles |
| Penance | ritual punishment in order to expiate sin |
| Peter | Galilean fisherman disciple of Jesus; became apostle and first pope |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome, head of Catholic Church; may issue ex-cathedra, infallible statements |
| Predestination | doctrine that God has already determined who will be saved, before they are born (Calvin) |
| Presbyterianism | Protestant denomination growing out of Puritans; emphasizes governance by councils over local churches; influenced by Calvinist doctrine |
| Protestant | Christian denominations growing out of Europe's Reformation of the 16th century |
| Purgatory | afterlife in which sins are expiated, prior to resurrection or entrance into heaven (Catholic doctrine) |
| Roman Catholic | formal name of Catholic Church, which is centered in Rome, Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church |
| Sacrament | rituals, especially those of Catholic Church |
| Saint | honorific title given to persons who led exemplary lives, and as angels can intercede for people (Catholic); Paul used the term to describe early Christians in general |
| Salvation | a promise of liberation from the human problem; heaven, resurrection or a new world order on this planet |
| Schism | split between segments of a church, Great Schism occurred in 1054 between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox |
| Sin | falling out of relationship with the deity, specific acts which offend the deity |
| Synoptic gospels | New Testament books of Mark, Matthew, Luke; record the life and ministry of Jesus |
| Transubstantiation | Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine of the Eucharist become body and blood of Christ |
| Vulgate | Roman Catholic, Latin version of Bible completed 400 C.E. |
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