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week4religofworld
Judaism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abraham | mythical patriarch of the Hebrews, founder of Judaism; "obey the one God" |
| Antediluvian | before the flood of Noah |
| Anti-Semitism | prejudice against Jews; this has a long history in the actions of the early Church and later western civilization |
| bar mitzvah | Jewish puberty rite; at age thirteen the boy is accepted as an adult in this religion |
| Cabbala (Kabbala) | esoteric Jewish mysticism, arose in Spain in Middle Ages; influenced numerology, searching for a mathematical code in the Torah |
| circumcision | male initiation rite; removal of foreskin |
| Conservative Judaism | accommodates to the modern world, but tries to keep Jewish traditions alive; large in U.S. |
| covenant | contract between people or between God and His people (especially ancient Israel); |
| Diaspora | Rome's forcible dispersion of the Jews from Palestine after 70 C.E. |
| Elohim | a Hebrew name used for God in the Old Testament |
| Essenes | 1st century pietistic, apocalyptic Jewish sect; Dead Sea settlements |
| Exile | period when Jews were carried off to Babylon in 586 B.C.E. |
| Exodus | when Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt |
| Gentile | Jewish and Christian term for people who are not of Jewish origin |
| Hasidic, Hasidim | mysticism of contemporary pietistic orthodox Jews; emphasis on singing |
| Hebrew | the language in which the Old Testament was written; also, the people who left Egypt with Moses |
| Hillel | 1st century rabbi, silver rule, provided guidelines for interpretation and commentary on Torah |
| Holocaust | the Nazi attempt to exterminate the Jews in concentration camps |
| Israel | biblical kingdom founded by ancient Hebrews; modern nation created by U.N. as Jewish homeland (Israelis) |
| Jehovah | Hebrew and Christian name for God |
| kosher | Jewish rules of propriety (especially dietary, e.g., abstinence from pork, rules for meal preparation) |
| Maccabbees | 2nd century B.C.E. Jews fought against Romans |
| Maimonides | 1135-1204 medieval Spanish Jew who synthesized Greek philosophy and Judaism |
| Messiah | expected Jewish savior king; Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah |
| Moses | 1200 B.C.E. prophet who led Hebrews out of Egypt; received Ten Commandments, |
| Old Testament | part of Bible written before Jesus, including the Jewish Torah, and writings of the Hebrew and Israelite prophets |
| Orthodox Judaism | strict form of modern Judaism adhering to teachings of Torah, Fundamentalist |
| Palestine | geographical area in which ancient and modern Israel have been established; also, a proposed Arab nation in that region |
| Pentateuch | Greek term for first five books of Bible |
| Pharisees | 1st century Jewish lay movement emphasizing rigid adherence to Torah traditions; |
| rabbi | member of clergy in modern Judaism; more of a teacher than priest or prophet |
| Reform Judaism | least strict branch of contemporary Judaism, largest in the U.S. |
| Sadducees | a 1st century C.E. Jewish sect representing higher socio-economic classes, wanted stable society and accommodation with Greek culture & Roman law; denied resurrection, angels; suppressed Jesus |
| synagogue | the building for worship in modern Judaism |
| Talmud | Jewish commentary on the Torah, completed about 500 C.E. |
| Temple | building for performance of rituals |
| Torah | Jewish canon; first five books of Old Testament; the Pentateuch |
| Yahweh | a Hebrew name for God in the Torah |
| Zealots | 1st century Jews seeking military rebellion against Rome |
| Zionism | 19th |
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