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week3religofworld
Buddhism, Confuciusism and Taoism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amaterasu | Japanese sun goddess; ancestor of the Emperor |
| Yang | male cosmic energy principle in ancient China |
| Asoka 270-270 B.C.E. | Emperor who spread Buddhism in Southeast Asia |
| Bodhisattva | a Buddha who decides to stay in this world to help the rest of us; a personal savior or role model in Mahayana Buddhism |
| Bonism | the indigenous religion of Tibet, before Buddhism |
| Buddha | "enlightened one"; mystic Siddharta Gautama Sayka was the original Buddha around 500 B.C.E. |
| Buddhism | monastic, soteriological religion; founded by Gautama; proselytizing, spread from India to East Asia |
| Bushido | Japanese code of knights' chivalry; blends Confucian ethics, Shinto ritual, Zen self-discipline |
| Cao Dai | a 20th century Vietnamese sect synthesizing Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, and indigenous animistic traditions |
| Compassion | a central Buddhist virtue exemplified by Bodhisattvas |
| Confucius 552-469 B.C.E. | Chinese philosopher, teacher; emphasized duty to family, unequal relationships, moderation |
| Daoism | also called Taoism; Chinese religion; emphasis on nature mysticism (Laozi), alchemy, hermits, hedonism |
| Detachment | a central Buddhist virtue of the Theravada school: do not get too concerned about the world's suffering |
| Dharma | Buddhist and Hindu term for doctrine, duty, or teaching |
| Dualism | doctrine of two forces or realms |
| Eight fold path | Buddhist formula for spiritual life on earth |
| Enlightenment | in Buddhism, the mental & spiritual state of salvation; also an 18th century European movement emphasizing science, secularism, humanism |
| Filial piety | devotion, respect, ritual performance for one's family and ancestors |
| Gautama Siddharta | 6th century B.C.E. Indian prince who became the Buddha, a mystic who proselytized, developed monasteries |
| I Ching, Yi Jing | a handbook for ancient Chinese divination using hexagrams |
| Koan | Zen riddle or mental puzzle, designed to produce enlightenment |
| Lama | Tibetan Buddhist head monk |
| Lao, Laozi | 6th century B.C.E. Chinese, mystical Daoist; opposed social conventions; "Follow nature, unite with the Dao"; advocated perfect government of minimal structure |
| Mahayana | “big ferryboat” Buddhism common in China, Japan; emphasizes bodhisattvas, "Worship Buddha as savior" |
| Mo, Mohism, Moism | Chinese religion which taught love and a personal heaven; founder Mo Ti (Mozi) 475-395 B.C.E. |
| Nichiren | 13th century Japanese Buddhist prophet, demanded a national shrine; emphasized chanting, inspired Soka Gakkai |
| Nirvana | Buddhist concept of salvation; liberation from the cycle of suffering and reincarnation |
| Noble truths | Buddhist doctrine that life is suffering caused by desire |
| Pagoda | Buddhist temple or shrine used for ritual activity |
| Roshi | Japanese title for Buddhist master teacher, a guru |
| Sakya | clan to which Gautama Buddha was born |
| Sakyamuni | a term used especially in Japan to describe Siddhartha Gautama Sakya, in order to distinguish him from other Buddhas |
| Satori | Zen Buddhist term for mystical experience |
| Shinto | indigenous Japanese religion; emphasizes nature, spirits, clan, ancestors, nation |
| Soka Gakkai | modern Japanese Buddhist sect stressing chanting for financial success, political power; inspired by 13th century prophet Nichiren |
| Stupa | a Buddhist burial site which has become a shrine |
| Theravada | Hinayana Buddhism; predominant in southeast Asia; emphasizes individual salvation |
| Wheel | Buddhist and Jain symbol for life as suffering and transmigration |
| Yin | female cosmic energy principle in ancient China |
| Yin Yang school | Chinese school of folk medicine, divination |
| Zen | a meditative, mystical sect of Buddhism in China, Japan |
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