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World Affairs
Institutions of Culture and Theories of Development
| Question/Term | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was Jared Diamond's theory? | Geography determines the fate of a culture |
| What did the people of the middle east develop? | They lived in one place, and domesticated plants and animals. |
| Why did farming not take off in New Guinea? | They are unable to grow efficiently enough, and the only foods they can grow are not nutritious enough. |
| Where did domesticated animals come from and what do they provide? | They came from the Middle east and they provide meat, milk, fur, horsepower, and fertilizer. |
| What was Josiah Strong's theory? | Anglo-Saxons must take over the world |
| What were Josiah Strong's reasons? | White people were richer, smarter, and more religious than all other people. "God chose them" |
| What did Josiah Strong write? | Our Country |
| Who wrote The Culture of Nations? | David Brooks |
| What was the theory of The Culture of Nations? | Cultural differences explain a society's success. |
| Accordind to the Culture of Nations, cultural changes must be led by... | people who recognize and accept their own culture's problems |
| What was the theory expressed in Of Property and Poverty? | Land titling, and therefore stimulating the economy, is the way out of poverty. |
| Why would having a property title stimulate the economy so much? | If you have a property title, you can use it as colateral for a loan. A loan would help the bank and you could start a business with it. Also, you and your family could all go to work without worrying about protecting your house because you legally own it |
| Why is it sometimes so hard to get a property title? | When a government is corrupt it costs a lot and takes many steps and bribes to get one. |
| What else does Of Property and Poverty say that countries need to do? | countries need a decent legal system, sound economic policies, and competition among banks |
| What are the 5 institutions of culture? | Government, Religion, Economics, Education, and Family |
| What are the 4 major types of government? | Monarchy, dictatorship, republican democracy, failed states |
| Monarchy is | a system in which varying amounts of power are held in the hands of one family, passed down through generations |
| What are the 2 types of monarchy? | constitutional and absolute |
| constututional monarchy is... | a monarch's power is limited by the people. in most cases, they are nothing more than a symbolic figure. |
| an absolute monarchy is... | a monarch has final say in most, if not all, matters. today they exist only in middle east |
| What is a dictator? | a single person who holds all power, cannot be removed from power without violence |
| Do dictators hold elections? | Often, they do. But they make sure that they always win through fraud, threats, etc |
| What is a republican democracy? | a country gets to pick and re-elect their leaders. therefore, the government is expected to do what the people want |
| What 3 things does a democracy need to work? | free media, education, and a respect for the rule of law |
| a failed state is... | a country with no government or one with no control |
| What is the only form of protection in a failed state? | gangs, terrorist groups |
| What are the 3 major types of religion today? | Animism, monotheism, polytheism |
| What is animism? | the beleif that earthly things (nature, ancestors, etc.) contain spiritual energy and communiate through shamans |
| Where is animism today? | africa, china, native americans |
| What is monotheism? | the beleif in one god |
| the 3 major monotheistic religions are... | judaism, christianity, and islam |
| Where is judaism practiced? | US, Europe, Israel |
| Where is christianity practiced? | North and South America, Europe, Africa, Austrailia, Phillipines, East Asia |
| What are the 4 major types of christianity? | catholic, orthodox, cpotic, protestant |
| Where is Islam todaY? | North Afica, South + Central Asia, other parts of Africa, a little in Europe |
| What are the 2 kinds of Islam? | Sunni and Shi'ite |
| What is polytheism? | the beleif in 2 or more gods |
| What are the 2 major types of polytheistic religions? | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Where are Hinduism and Buddhism practiced | South Asia |
| Hinduism is... | a mix of some religious traditions in India |
| How was Buddhism founded? | Siddhartha Gautama broke away from Hinduism to find his own path to enlightenment |
| Informal Education is.... | people learn skills from family members, and will probablylive the same life their parents did |
| Formal Education is..... | people learn skills from experts in various fields, and have the potential to be smarter than their parents |
| 3 ways to divide countries up economically... | amount of government control, economic activity, level of development |
| What did Adam Smith beleive? | he beleived in free market-capitalism, all the government should do was protect 3 things.... |
| What, accordin to Adam Smith, should the government protect? | pursuit of self-interest, division of labor, free internatinal trade |
| What did Karl Marx beleive? | workers should rise up and overthrow the other classes,set up a dictatorship, and divide everything equally (communist utopia) |
| What does the US government mess with economically? | tariffs, health and safety rules |
| What was the conflict between communism and capitalism called? | the cold war |
| Who owns the businesses in American and European free-market style capitalism? | private individuals or corporations |
| What is the difference between American and European capitalism? | europeans beleive it's the government's job to provide a comfortable living for everyone, therefore taxes are high, and it's hard to get fired |
| Emerging capitalism is.... | former communist nations moving away from communism (China, Vietnam) |
| How are former communist nations moving away from communism? | by allowing private individuals to make economic choices, welcoming foriegn investments, more job choices |
| What is black market capitalism? | its too hard and expensive to start businesses, so everything happens on the black market (no taxes but no protection of health and safety) |
| a "nationalized" economy is... | the government owns and runs some major industries, and decides how much or how little to share with its citizens |
| Where are some major nationalized economies? | Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Venezuela, Russia, (oil and natural-rich nations) |
| Where is communism todaY? | Cuba and North Korea |
| what is foraging? where? | basically nomadic hunting and gathering, some Brazil and Papua New Guinea |
| what is pastoralism? where? | nomadic herding, asia |
| what is subsistence agriculture? where | simple farming and ranching to raise just enough food for personal/family survival (most common in world) |
| what is commercial agriculture? | selling/trading surplus crops (allows people to not farm) |
| what is extraction? | mining or drilling for natural resources |
| what are the three levels of economies? | traditional (primary), industrial (secondary), high tech/service/"idea" (tertiary) |
| industrial economies..... | are one level up from traditional economies and buy their natural resources to manufacture goods |
| tertiary economies... | have ideas in their countries, and then build factories overseas to make it at low costs, and the smarter you are, the richer you will be |
| First World countries included... | US and its wealthiest allies |
| Second World countries included... | Soviet union and its wealthiest allies |
| Third world countries.... | are poor and this term is still used today. |
| What are the Very Developed Countries? | high incomes, diversified economies, good health care and education. includes US, UK, Japan, Germany |
| VDC=T__________ | tertiary |
| What are More Developed Countries? | doing well, but also have an underclass of poor people. include Eastern European countries such as Poland and Russia |
| MDC=S_______ | secondary |
| What are Developing Countries? | poor, but starting to do better. low incomes and literacy rates. limited health care. China, India, Brazil, Mexico |
| DC=S________ | secondary |
| what are underdeveloped countries? | poorest of the poor. living on less than $1 per day. Sub-saharan Africa, Haiti |
| UDC=P________ | primary and agricultural |
Created by:
karamc1192
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