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Biology 191 Lect. 6

Biology 191 Lecture 6, Exam 1 Study

QuestionAnswer
taxonomy theory, practice and rules of classifying living and extinct organisms<br /> - clasification is hierarchical<br /> - results in ordered division of species into groups based on similarityes/dissimilarities in their characteristics
(Do Kings Play Chess On Fiber Glass Stools?) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Systematics scientific study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms both extinct and modern
Three schools of systematics Evolutionary systematics versus phenetics versus cladistics
Evolutionary systematics classification based on combination of common ancestry and overall phenotypic similarity<br /> - New highter taxa erected for groups exhibiting marked phenotypic divergence
phenetics classification based on overall phenotypic similarity<br /> - use ultivariate statistical methods <br /> - all traits given equal weight<br /> - problem is that does not distinguish between primitive and derived traits
cladistics classification based strictly on recency of common ancestry (one used today)<br /> - aims to reconstruct phylogeny
phylogeny the evolutionary history of a lineage of organisms
phylogenic tree a branching patern showing ancestor-descendent relationships (nodes represent common ancestors)
monophyletic critical unit of cladistics which has a common ancestor and all its descendent species
paraphyletic common ancestor and some but not all of it's descendents
Reptiles and dinosaurs as paraphyletic groups - why? Because not include birds (the common ancestor of all reptiles also gave rise to birds)
Created by: analeah
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