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evolution ch. 16&19

evolution vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
evolution change over time: process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
fossil preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms
artificial selection selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurance of desirable traits in offspring
adaptation heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
fitness how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
natural selection process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully: also called survival of the fittest.
biogeography study of past and present distribution of organisms
homologous structure structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry
analogous structure body parts that share a common function but not structure
vestigial structure structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function
extinct term used to refer to a species that has died out and has no living members
paleontologist scientist who studies fossils
relative dating method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other rock layers
index fossil distinctive fossil that is used to compare the relative ages of fossils
radiometric dating method for determining the age of sample from the amount of a radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope of the same element in a sample.
half-life length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay
geologic time-scale timeline used to represent Earth's history
era major division of geologic time usually divided into 2 or more periods
period division of geological time into which eras are subdivided
plate tectonics geological process, such as continental drift, volcanoes, and earthquakes resulting from plate movement
macroevolutionary patterns changes in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and behavior that take place in clades larger than a single species
background extinction extinction caused by slow and steady process of natural selection
mass extinction event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time
gradualism evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time
punctuated equilibrium pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
adaptive radiation process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways.
convergent evolution process by which unrelated organism independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
coevolution process by which 2 species evolve in response to a change in each other over time.
endosymbiotic theory theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells formed from symbiotic relationship among several different prokaryotic cells
Created by: lisaklann
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