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ch34 GI notes
ch 34 GI notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| approx stomach capacity = ?mL | 1500mL |
| the inlet of the stomach is called the.. | gastoesophageal junction |
| stomach entrance = stomach outlet = | stomach entrance = CARDIA stomach outlet = PYLORUS |
| where is & what is fxn of ileocecal valve? | termination of sm int. ileum and begining of lg int. cecum prevents bacterial reflux into sm. int. |
| blood from the digestive tract is delivered to the ___? | liver |
| O2 & nutrients are supplied to stomach by the __ and intestines by the __ arteries. | O2 & nutrients are supplied to stomach by the GASTRIC and intestines by the MESENTERIC arteries. |
| The parotid, submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands secrete @ __ L /day? | 1.5L/day from salivary glands |
| what happens without gastric intrinsic factor? | vit B12 is not absorbed by the ileum and pernicious anemia results |
| the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and sm int. wall secrete what digestive enzymes? | amylase, lipase, and bile |
| why are the pancreatic secretions to the sm int. alkaline? | lots of bicarbonate to neutralize entering stomach acids |
| where is bile formed, stored and its fxn | bile formed in liver stored in gallbladder emulsifies fats for easier digestion & absorption |
| daily amounts of intestinal secretions | pancreatic 1L bile 0.5L sm. int. 3L total 4.5L |
| 2 types of intestinal contractions? stimulated by presence of ? | segmentation contractions intestinal peristalsis contractions stimulated by chyme |
| what is the major source of tissue fuel? | glucose |
| carbs are broken down into... | disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, galactose) monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) |
| primary fxn of sm int. | absorbtion |
| what is primary fxn of colon | efficient absorption of water and electrolytes |
| age related GI changes are | -difficulty chewing/swallowing -reflux/heartburn -food intolerance/malabsorption -slower motility/constipation -fecal incontinence |
| what foods cause dyspepsia? | -fatty foods -salads/veggies -highly seasoned |
| excessive gas may be symptom of.. | food intolerance or gallbladder disease |
| hematemesis | bloody emesis |
| tarry black stools= bright/dark red stools= blood streaked stool/paper= | upper GI bleeding lower GI bleeding rectal/anal bleeding |
| 9 abdominal sections= | epigastric / umbilical / hypogastric R/L hypochondriac R/L lumbar R/L inguinal |
| assessment includes | history-mouth/throat-abdomen-rectal |
| common area for oral cancer is | underside of tongue / frenulum |
| cranial nerves 12 10 | 12 = tongue movement 10 = uvula rise when 'ahh' |
| what conditions may manifest in changes in oral cavity | -cancers diabetes immunosuppression medication SE |
| expected contours of the abdominal wall can be documented as... | flat rounded scaphoid (hollowed) |
| bowel sound frequencies normal hypoactive hyperactive abtive absent | normal every 5-20sec hypoactive 1-2/2min hyperactive 5-6/30sec absent 0/5min |
| borborygmi | stomach growling |
| carcinoembryonic antigen CEA tests indicate | presence of cancer, but not what kind |
| CA 19-9 | proteins shed by some tumor cells used as a tumor marker in testing |
| FOBT Hemoccult II Hematest II SENSA HemoQuant | fecal occult blood testing most common stool test (occult = hidden) |
| what should be avoided for 72 hours prior to FOBT to avoid false positive? what may cause false negative? | false pos: red meats, aspirin, NSAID's, turnips, horseradish false neg: vit C supplements/food |
| pre GI testing patient instructions/nurse teaching... | -fast 8-12 hours -fat free meal pm prior (gallbladder) -clear liquid / low residue diets -barium test B4 ultrasounds |
| enemas contraindicated if... barium contradincted if... | no enema if active colon inflammation or bleeding no barium if s/s perferation or obstruction ALLERGIES/BARIUM/CONTRAST/IODINE?? |
| interventions pre/post contrast studies? | IV sodium bicarb and ORAL acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) radical scavengers that protect renal from contrast |
| tagged red cell studies are used for.. | determining source of internal bleeding when all other studies are negative |
| gastric emptying studies (radionuclide testing) used for.. | Dx of gastric lotility, diabetic gastroparesis, dumping syndrome. assess gastric emptying |
| colonic transit studies | 4-5 but up to 10 days regular diet and activities x-rays every 24 hours |
| endoscopic interventions.. | anesthetic & sedative, atropine to reduce secretions, glucagon to relax smooth muscles, bed rest til fully alert, NPO til gag reflex, home/followup |
| tests that find polyps/cancer.. | sigmoidoscopy / 5yrs colonoscopy / 10yrs double contrast barium enema/5yrs CT colonography / 5yrs |
| tests that mainly find cancers | FOBT / yearly FIT / yearly Stool DNA test / per Dr order |
| possible complications of fiberoptic colonoscopy.. | cardiac dysrhythmias respiratory depression vasovagal reactions circulatory overload hypotension from overhydration/underhydration |
| bowel cleansing procedures.. | laxatives/2nights & fleets am of.. clear liquid diet and lavage solutions (contraindicated w. inflammation/obstruction) |
Created by:
rtcdavis
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