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Biology Vocab MD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Junctions | A specialized site on a cell at which it is attached to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. Example = Both animals and plants have cell junctions that allow molecules to pass readily between adjacent cells without crossing plasma membranes. |
| Anchoring Junction | Type of cell junction that attaches cells to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix Example = One of the 3 types of Cell Junctions. Holds Junction in place. |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis (protein channels) | The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites. Example: the cell was able to acquire bulk quantities of a specific substance thanks to the protein channels. |
| Extracellular Matrix | The substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells. Example: The most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM of most animal cells is collagen. |
| Chitin | A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fugal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. Example: The spider’s body was made up of a thick chitin exoskeleton. |
| Selectively permeable membrane | A membrane that only allows select passage into the cell. Example: The membrane would allow water into the cell but would not allow the salt to pass. |
| Hypertonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water. Example: The salt water caused water to come out of the cell. |
| Hypotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water. Example: The corn syrup surrounding the cell caused more water to enter it. |
| Tight Junction | a belt shaped and expands around the apex of columnar epithelial cells. Example: maintains the firm between two adjacent cells and also helps as barrier for the moment of certain molecules from adjacent cells. |
| Gap Junction | A gap junction or nexus is a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. Example: The Region between cells. |
| Plasmodersmate (plasmodesma) | An open channel in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell. Example: The cytoplasm of one plant cell is continuous with the cytoplasm of its neighbors via plasmodesmate. |
| Isotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on the passage of water into or out of the cell. Example: The vinegar outside the cell simply sat there and did nothing to affect the water content of the cell. |
| Active Transport | The movement of a substance across a cell membrane with an expenditure of energy against a gradient. Example: The proton pump allowed for active transport to take place. |
| Passive Transport | The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy. Example: Osmosis requires no energy to get water out of the cell. |
| Diffusion | The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, from more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. Example: The area outside the cell was very empty compared to the inside to the lysosome moved outside the cell. |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Example: The dehydrated cell used osmosis to draw water in from outside the cell. |
| Playsmolysis | Contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell. Example: Due to playsmolysis, the plant cell was now dehydrated. |
| Facilitated diffusion | Transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by means of a carrier molecule. Example: The facilitated diffusion requires no energy much live passive transport. |
| Exocytosis | The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane. Example: The secretion of enzymes from pancreatic cells and hormones from endocrine glands. |
| Endocytosis | Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane. Example: Eukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes can engulf foreign substances like bacteria. |
| Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell. Example: When your white blood cells attacking foreign bodies. |
| Chemiosmosis | An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. Ex: During the light reaction, hydrogen ions pass through the thylakoid to produce energy and help ADP synthesize to form ATP. |
Created by:
MeghanD14
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