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Earth Science 5
Sections 1-2 Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type of stress that pulls on crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. | Tension |
| A force that acts on an area of rock to change it's shape or volume. | Stress |
| Type of stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. | Compression |
| Type of stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite direction breaking the rock or making it slip apart. | Shearing |
| Tension causes this fault, in this fault a block of rock called the hanging wall is the rock that lies above the footwall so the hanging wall slips down. | Normal Fault |
| The rock that lies above the footwall. Half of a reverse or normal fault. | Hanging Wall |
| The rock that stabilizes and is under the hanging wall, is half of a normal or reverse fault. | Footwall |
| Caused by compression, reverse of normal fault. Hanging wall rises in this kind of fault. | Reverse Fault |
| Fault caused by shearing, this is when two plates slide past each other. Another name for this fault is a sliding boundary. | Strike-Slip Fault |
| Large area of land elevated above sea level. | Plateau |
| Caused by too much stress on a mass of rock, when this is created the mass of rock breaks or changes volume/shape. | Fault |
| Top of folding cause by compression. | Anticline |
| Bottom of folding caused by compression. | Syncline |
| The shaking that results from sudden movement of rock on a fault. | Earthquake |
| Area beneath the surface where rock is under stress and breaks. | Focus |
| Point right above focus. | Epicenter |
| (Primary Wave) First wave that compresses and expands the ground, this wave can damage building and go through water as well as ground. | P Wave |
| (Secondary Wave) Second wave to come, can shake the ground up, down or side to side. Shakes structures violently but cannot go through liquids. | S Wave |
| Some P Waves and S Waves turn into this kind of wave. Comes last but is most severe and has the most destructive power. These waves can roll the ground or shake the earth. | Surface Wave |
| Scale used to measure earthquakes using a scale from 1-12 rating the destructive power. | Mercalli Scale |
| Measured by a seismograph that gives accurate measurements. Scientists and geologists find the magnitude by measuring seismic waves. | Richter Scale |
| A device that writes on a piece of rolling paper when the pen is shaking. | Seismograph |
| A rating system that estimates the energy release from earthquakes by studying seismographs and using data on the amount of movement and the strength of rocks that broke. | Moment Magnitude Scale |
Created by:
edywang
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