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Biology Tour of cell
Taku's Vocabulary for Tour of a Cell Project
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Junctions | Specialized site on a cell at which it is attached to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. |
| Anchoring Junction | Function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets. Attaches muscle cells to each other in a muscle. |
| Tight Junction | Proteins binding plasma membranes of neighboring cells that prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells. |
| Gap Junction | Provides cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell and in this way are similar in their function to the plasmodesmata in plants. |
| Plasmodesma | An open channel in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell. |
| Extracellular Matrix | The substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells. |
| Chitin | A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeleton of all arthropods. Ex. Shell of a crab |
| Selectively Permeable Membrane | Membrane that allows specific molecules to enter the cell by diffusion. |
| Hypertonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water. |
| Hypotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water. |
| Receptor-mediated Endocytosis | The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances. |
| Isotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on the passage of water into or out of the cell. |
| Active Transport | The movement of a substance across a cell membrane, with an expenditure of energy, against its concentration or electrochemical gradient; mediated by specific transport proteins. |
| Passive Transport | The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy. |
| Diffusion | The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Plasmolysis | A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins. |
| Exocytosis | The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane. |
| Endocytosis | Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane. |
| Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals. |
| Chemiosmosis | An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP syntheses in cells occur by chemiosmosis. |
Created by:
Taku
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