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Genetics Quiz 5
Bacterial "sexual" processes, biochemical pathways, quantitative genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is conjugation? | the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another |
| What is transformation? | when a bacterium takes up any DNA from its environment |
| What is transduction? | the use of a bacteriophage to transfer DNA from one bacterium to another |
| What is the F plasmid? | small circular set of genes separate from the chromosome, confers ability to conjugate |
| F+ | the cell contains the F plasmid |
| F- | the cell lacks the F plasmid |
| These structures grow and connect bacteria for conjugation. | sex pilli |
| Hfr cell | F plasmid is incorporated into the chromosome |
| azi R | resistant to azide |
| azi S | sensitive/susceptible to azide |
| ton R | resistant to T1 bacteriophage |
| ton S | sensitive/susceptible to T1 bacteriophage |
| lac- | chemoautotroph mutant unable to use lactose |
| lac+ | able to use lactose |
| gal- | chemoautotroph mutant unable to use galactose |
| gal+ | able to use galactose |
| This is the linear piece of chromosome that enters the F- from Hfr. | exogenote |
| This is the F-'s own circular chromosome. | endogenote |
| F' | F plasmid containing a piece of the chromosome as a result of a "screw-up" in the process of Hfr cell becoming F+ cell |
| What is a merodiploid? | a partial diploid cell: diploid for bacterial gene(s) on F' and haploid for all other genes |
| What is a bacteriophage? | a virus specific to bacteria: a small piece of DNA inside a protein coat |
| This is when any piece of the bacterial gene can be transferred by a bacteriophage. | generalized transduction |
| This is when only specific pieces of the bacterial gene can be transferred by a bacteriophage. | specialized transduction |
| What does lyse mean? | to break open |
| What does lytic mean? | breaks things open |
| bigger # = genes are closer together | co-transduction frequency |
| What is a prophage? | the phage DNA incorporated into the chromosome |
| What does dikaryon mean? | has 2 nuclei |
| What does the complementation test determine? | how many genes affect the biosynthesis of something (eg--arg) |
| diploid heterozygote = auxotroph | mutations are in same gene |
| diploid heterozygote = prototroph | mutations in different genes |
| What are quantitative traits? | traits that do not fall into discrete categories, such as height and the yield of corn per acre |
| This type of quantitative traits can have any value. | continuous, eg--height |
| This type of quantitative traits only have integer values | countable/meristic, eg--# of bristles |
| What are threshold traits? | quantitative traits that have an underlying quantitative distribution, but the trait only appears if a threshold is crossed (eg--adult onset diabetes) |
| What is the basic idea of quantitative genetics? | genetics + environment |
| The basic ideas of quantitative genetics. | -traits are caused by normal genes following Mendel's rules -inbreeding eliminates genetic variation -artificial selection |
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