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DIT more brain
circle of willis, brainstem occlusion, cortex and spinal cord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aneurysm causes the eye to look down and out | posterior communicating arter |
| aneurysm may cause bilateral loss of lateral visual fields | anterior communicating artery |
| broca's or wernicke's aphasia | middle cerebral artery |
| unilateral lower extremity sensory and/or motor loss | anterior cerebral artery |
| unilateral facial arm sensory and/or motor loss | middle cerebral artery |
| what is the hallmark sign of a general brainstem lesion? | alternating sydromes: with long tract symptoms on one side (hemiparalysis) and cranial n symptoms on the other |
| What causes Weber's syndrome | midbrain infarction resulting from occlusion of the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery |
| C/L hemiparesis (cerebral peduncle lesion) and CN III palsy (ptosis, dilation, down and out) | weber syndrome |
| what causes medial medullary syndrome? | occlusion of a paramedian branch of ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY causing unilateral infarct of medial portion of rostral medulla |
| C?L spastic hemiparesis, C/L tactile and kinesthetic defects, tongue deviates toward side of lesion, preserved pain and temperature | medial medullary syndrome |
| pyramid/corticospinal tract damage, medial lemniscus damage, hypoglossal nucleus/nerve damage | medial medullary syndrome |
| tactile + motor + tongue deviation | medial medullary syndrome |
| wallenberg's syndrome | lateral medullary syndrome |
| lateral medullary syndrome | occlusion of PICA causing unilateral infarct of lateral rostral medulla |
| l/o pain and temp over C/L body adnd I/L face. hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, l/o gag. I/L horners. Vertigo, nystagmus, N/V. ipsilateral cerebellar deficits | lateral medullary syndrome |
| spinothalamic tract, trigeminothalamic tract, nucleus ambiguus(IX, X), descending symp, vestibular nuclei, and inf cerebellar peduncle damage. | lateral medullary syndrome |
| medial inferior pontine syndrome | occlusion of a paramedian branch of BASILAR artery |
| C/L spastic hemiparesis, l/o touch, vibration,kinesthetics. paralysis of gaze to side of lesion. I/L paralysis of lat rectus m. NL P&T | medial inferior pontine syndrome |
| corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus, pontine gaze center (PPRF/abducens nuc) | medial inferior pontine syndrome |
| lateral inferior pontine syndrome | AICA occlusion |
| I/L facial n paralysis, l/o taste on ant tongue, deafness and tinnitus, nystagmus, vertigo, N/V, limb and gait ataxia, l/o P&T from face, C/L body l/o P&T. I/L horners | lateral inferior pontine syndrome |
| Lateral superior pontine synddrome | occlusion of AICA in superior/rostral pons |
| originates from the germinal matrix | intraventricular hemorrhage of the newborn |
| CSF pressure elevated in a young obese female with HA and papilledema. may cause vision losss | psuedotumor cerebri |
| touch, vibration, and pressure sensation | dorsal columns |
| voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body | lateral corticospinal |
| voluntary motor command from motor cortex to head/neck | corticobulbar |
| alternate routes for the mediation of voluntary mvmt | reticular and rubrospinal |
| pain and temperature sensation | spinothalamic |
| important for postural adjustments and head movements | vestibulospinal |
| proprioceptive info for the cerebellum | D/V spinocerebellar tract |
| hereditary ataxias | freidrichs, vit E def, ataxia=telangiectasia, metachromatic leukodystrophy, wilsons |
| Brown-sequard | hemisection of the spinal cord |
| UMN, LMN, pain temp, sensation | brown-sequard |
| what is the most common site of a berry aneurysm | anterior communicating artery bifurcation |
| a/w berry aneurysm | ADPKD, Marfans, ehler-danlos |
| where do dorsal columns decussate | medulla (after nuclei) |
| wehre does LCST decussate | caudal medulla (pyramids) |
| where does STT decussate | anterior white commisure |
| Classic presentation of syringomyelia | bilateral l/o P&T in a shawl-like distribution |
| a/w syringomyelia | arnold-chiari II |
| cardial features of Parkinson's | (TRAP)tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
| UMN signs | hypertonia/reflex, babinski, spasticity, weakness |
| LMN signs | hypotonia/reflex, weakness, atrophy, fasiculations |
| Where do you see atrophy in a 40yo with early dementia and uncontrollable movements of upper extremities | basal ganglia/ caudate nucleus |
| involuntary flailing of one arm. | hemiballismus = C?L subthalamic nucleus lesion |
| MPTP exposure deplets what NT | Dopamine |
| Cannot abduct L eye on lateral gaze w/ nL convergence. difficulty smiling | pontine lesion |
| locked -in syndrome | basilar a lesion |
| where do you perform a lumbar puncture | L3-L5 |
| where is CSF | subarachnoid space |
| MVA. feels fine but then loses consciousness. intracranial hemorrahge that does not cross sutre lines. | temporal bone, MMA, epidural |
| marfans and HTN. severe HA. CSF reveals numerous red blood cells | rupture of berry aneurysm = subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| 85 w/ alzheimers falls and 3 days later has HA and vomiting. | subdural hemorrahge, bridgin vv. |
| hyperparathyroidism | thyroidectomy |
| metastatic disease to brain | Lungs, Bone, Skin, Kidney, GI |
| lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's |
| myocarditis | Coxsackie, Echo |
Created by:
kayjames
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