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NURS 572 Pharm 56
Pharm Diabetes Mellitus 1of 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what produces insulin | beta cells of pancreas, secretagogues |
| Where are secretagogues located | intestinal cells (incretin hormoe GLP-1), Pancreas Beta cells (amylin) |
| which type of diabetes has an ABSOLUTE lack of insulin | Type 1 |
| which type of diabetes as a RELATIVE lack of insulin | Type 2 |
| Which 2 pharm strategies act to increase insulin levels and how | 1- inject exogenous insulin 2 - secretagogues - stimulate insulin release |
| 3 ways we can activate secretagogues | 1-injectable amylin-mimetic 2 - direct - injectable - incretin-mimetic 3 - indirect - oral - DPP-4 inhibitors |
| How can we increase peripheral insulin sensitivity | 1-gliatazones increase receptor sensitivity 2-biguadide - metformin inc sensitivity/dec glucagon |
| what two classes also decrease liver/muscle glycogenolysis | glitazones and biguadide-metformin drugs also have this MOA |
| What class of drugs inhibit/modulate intestinal CHO absorption | oral - alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors |
| what are the 3 quicker/shorter forms of insulin | lispro, aspart, glulisine |
| what is the one quick/short insulin | regular |
| what are the int/long acting insulins with BID admin | NPH = neutral protamine hagedorn determir |
| what is the super long acting QD insulin | glargine |
| what two insulins do we mix with NOTHING and why | determir and glargine ----because they are very long acting |
| what 3 insulins do we NOT mix with regular insulin and why | aspart, lispro, glulisine - - - because they, like Regular insulin (quick,short) are short acting (no benefit, may hypoglycemic) |
| can we mix aspart, lispro or glulisine with one another? | no, can not mix with each other because they are all quicker/shorter |
| What CAN BE MIXED with NPH | since NPH has intermediate duration it CAN be mixed with aspart, lispro and glulisine |
| when mixing quicker/shorter with NPH, which goes into syringe first? | quicker/shorter (lispro, aspart, glulisine) drawn into syringe first. This is because NPH has protamine, which gives it longer action. We don't want to introduce protamine/NPH into quicker/shorter stock vial as it would change its duration (contaminate) |
| pramlintide is an amyline mimetic. can it be mixed with anything/other insulins | no, it must be given as its own separate injection |
| exenatide and liraglutide are incretin mimetics. can they be mixed with anything/other insulins | no, they must be given as their own separate injection |
Created by:
lorrelaws
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