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BeaverLocal 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geneticist who began experiments using Drosophila | Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| He was able to isolate and identify the X and Y chromosomes | Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| The chromosome that appears in both a male and female | X chromosome |
| The two sex chromosomes are: | X and Y |
| What are the chromosome symbols for a female: | XX |
| What are the chromosome symbols for a male: | XY |
| T or F: hypothesized that the X chromosome could carry LESS genes since it is larger than the Y chromosome | F: more |
| ______ _________ refers to the presence of a gene on a sex chromosome | Sex linkage |
| Genes found on the X chromosome are said to be __________ __________ | X-linked genes |
| Genes found on the Y chromosome are said to be __________ _________ | Y-linked genes |
| Eye color in Drosophila is an ___-linked trait | X |
| T or F: Each chromosome carries ONLY ONE genes | F: MANY |
| The genes located on one chromosome are a ___________-_________ | linkage-group |
| Linked genes tend to be ______________ together | inherited |
| Morgan showed that the genes for body _________ and wing _________ are linked | color; length |
| What color bodies are dominant in Drosophila? | Gray |
| What length wings are dominant in Drosophila? | Long wings |
| shows the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome | chromosome map |
| The __________ _________ two genes are on a chromosome, the more likely they will be separated by crossing-over | farther apart |
| This type of mutation occurs in gametes, therefore is passed on to the offspring | Germ-cell mutation |
| This type of mutation occurs in an organism’s body cells (not passed on to offspring) | Somatic mutation |
| This type of mutation causes death, often before birth | Lethal mutation |
| the loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage | Deletion |
| a segment breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation | Inversion |
| a piece breaks off and reattaches to another nonhomologous chromosome | Translocation |
| failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis | Nondisjunction |
| substitution, addition, or removal of a single nucleotide | Point mutation |
| One nucleotide is replaced by another resulting in a different codon | Substitution |
| Can signal a different amino acid to be produced | Substitution |
| Sickle cell anemia results from a point mutation that _________________ adenine for thymine | substitutes |
| Causes distorted, sickle-shaped red blood cells which leads to anemia and circulatory problems | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| In the U.S., 1 out of 10 African Americans is _________________ for the sickle cell allele | heterozygous |
| Insertion or deletion mutations will cause the remaining codons to be incorrectly grouped | Frame Shift Mutation |
| If a frame shift mutation occurs near the beginning of a gene, many _______ ______ will not be coded for properly | amino acids |
| a family record that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations | Pedigree |
| predictable phenotypes from one generation to the next | Patterns of inheritance |
| Diseases or debilitating conditions that have a genetic basis | Genetic Disorders |
| Huntington’s Disease, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, blood type are all examples of: | genetic disorders |
| These are controlled by a single allele of a gene: | single-allele trait |
| Traits that are controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait | Multiple Allele Traits |
| Traits controlled by two or more ge | Polygenic Traits |
| Skin, hair, and eye color are all examples of what type of traits? | Polygenic Traits |
| There are hundreds of genes on the X chromosome, but a _____ can be associated with disease | few |
| T or F: Colorblindness is an X-linked disorder. | True |
| Disorders due to _______________ can cause a gamete to lack a chromosome or have an extra chromosome | nondisjunction |
| If an egg that has 22 chromosomes combines with a sperm that has the normal 23 chromosomes; the resulting zygote will have 45 chromosomes resulting in ______________ | monosomy |
| If an egg that has 24 chromosomes combines with a sperm that has the normal 23 chromosomes; the resulting zygote will have 47 chromosomes resulting in ______________ | trisomy |
| An extra chromosome 21 called trisomy 21 results in _________ ___________ | Down syndrome |
| Males with an extra X chromosome (XXY) have _____________ _____________ | Klinefelter's syndrome |
| constructing a karyotype and analyzing bloodwork to determine a person’s genetic make up | Genetic screening |
| A picture of an individual's chromosomes | Karyotype |
| medical guidance that informs couples about problems that can affect their offspring | Genetic counseling |
| More than 200 genetic disorders can be detected in a __________ | fetus |
| a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the amnion (the sac that surrounds the fetus) | Amniocentesis |
| the tissue between the mother’s uterus and the placenta is tested | Chorionic villi sampling |
| a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine | PKU |
| PKY is a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid __________________________ | phenylananine |
Created by:
kjones0722
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