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Lecture017

MB351Exam3

QuestionAnswer
What two types of phosphorylation is used to generate ATP for both anaerobic and aerobic respiration? Substrate-level and oxidative
How much ATP molecules is produced per glucose in aerobic respiration? 36 in eukaryotes and 38 in prokaryotes
How much ATP per glucose is produced in anaerobic respiration? Variable..fewer than 38 but more than 2.
What type of phosphorylation is used to generate ATP in fermentation? Only Substrate level
What is the final hydrogen (e-) acceptor in fermentation? An organic molecule
Fermentation can grow in what sort of conditions? aerobic or anaerobic
What are the three e- acceptor of Anaerobic respiration? NO3-, SO4-, and CO32-
What is the most common e- acceptor in anaerobic resp.? Nitrate (NO3-)
What can nitrate be reduced to? NO, N2O and N2 (gaseous)
What is denitrification? This is the process where NO, N2O, and N2 is lost to the environment; gaseous N2 is formed biologically (look at flowchart in ppt)
List the order that nitrogen is broken down. Nitrate(NO3-), Nitrite(NO2-), Nitric oxide(NO), Nitrous oxide(N2O), and finally Dinitrogen(N2).
What breaks down Nitrate to Nitrite? Nitrate reductase
What breaks down Nitrite to Nitric oxide? Nitrite reductase
What breaks down Nitric oxide to Nitrous oxide? Nitric oxide reductase
What breaks down Nitrous oxide to Dinitrogen? Nitrous oxide reductase
What is the name of the denitrifying bacteria? Pseudomonas stutzeri
What are some uses for denitrification? To clean up waste!Human waste, auto waste, pig waste
Denitrification and sulfate-reduction are what type of processes? Dissimilatory (respiratory)processes
Is the energy yield in anaerobic respiration lower or higher than from using O2? Lower energy yield than from using O2
What happens if there is lower energy yield in anaerobic resp.? Lower biomass
(Shewanella oneidensis) Facultative anaerobes are able to use how many different electron acceptors? 12 different e- acceptors
What is fermentation? Release of energy from oxidation of organic molecules
Does fermentation require oxygen? No. It does not require oxygen.
Does fermentation use the krebs cycle or ETC? Neither, it does not need those processes.
What is the final e- acceptor of fermentation? an organic metabolite (pyruvate or derivative)
What is fermentation used to regenerate? It is used to regenerate NAD+ from NADH without O2.
What are the 2 types of fermentation? Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation (watch video)
What is alcohol fermentation? it produces ethanol and CO2
What is lactic acid fermentation? It produces lactic acid
What are the two types of lactic acid fermentation? Homolactic fermentation and Heterolactic fermentation
What does homolactic fermentation produce? it only produces lactic acid
What does heterolactic fermentation produce? it produces lactic acid and other compounds
Name some end products of fermentation? Lactic acid, ethanol & CO2, Propionic acid and acetic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, etc...
What are some products of ethanol fermentation? Beer, wine, fuel
What is Saccharomyces cerevisiae? Starch is unable to be fermented so the barley is germinated. The seedling produces amylases that break down starch into fermentable carbohydrates (maltose).
How is malted barley made? After germination of barley, heat is used to stop sprouting and dry the grain. The malted barley is roasted to varying degrees to make dark beer.
Name some food products made from fermentation? Cheese, vitamin C, sausages, yogurt, bread, vinegar
Created by: kzxiong
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