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GIS Fleming Semtr-4

GIS Final Test Fleming Semtr-4

QuestionAnswer
GIS Fleming Semtr-4 data files in raster format that contain the spatial distribution of terrain elevation over a specified area.
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator- coordinate systems.
Digitizing The most common method of converting existing maps into digital format.
interpolation. the procedure of estimating the values of properties at unsampled sites within the area covered by existing point observations.
contour line is a sequence of points that have the sameelevation value.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based systems designed for the collection, storage and analysis of georeferenced data
Raster Model space regularly subdivided into cells.
Vector Mode points, lines and polygons are used to represent geographic objects.
Raster Data Model Abstraction of the real world where spatial data are expressed as a regular grid of square or rectangular cells (pixels)
resolution In a raster image each cell (pixel) represents an area on the ground of a specific size
Arithmetic overlay includes operations such as: addition, subtraction, division and multiplication of each value in a data layer by the value in the corresponding location in a second data layer.
Logical overlay involves the use of logical (or Boolean) operators (and, or, not) to identify those areas where a specified set of conditions occur together.
Conditions for Map Overlay 1.Same size 2.Same georeferencing 3.Same resolution
resampling is a procedures where the pixel size of one map or image can be changed to modify its resolution and size.
Neighbourhood functions assign a new value to a pixel according to the characteristics of its neighbourhood.
Low Pass Smoothing filters are designed to emphasize the low spatial variability in an image. In satellite images these are areas where grey tones are not changing rapidly (eg. water bodies, agricultural fields). These filters emphasize trends by reducing local de
High Pass Edge enhancement filters are designed to emphasize the high spatial variability in an image. In satellite images these are areas where grey tones are changing rapidly (eg. urban areas). These filters emphasize edges and linear features.
Directional Filters Filters that detect changes in grey levels in a particular direction.
Majority Filters calculate the predominant value (or class name) in each neighbourhood and reclassify data to the majority theme.
Rank Order Filters rank the values in the kernel and assign the output to the user specified rank (i.e. 1st, 2nd, median etc.).
Topographic Functions refers to the distribution of elevation across a land surface.
Slope Slopeis the steepness of a surface and identifies the maximum rate of change in elevation between two points.
Aspect is the direction the slope is facing: N, NE, E, etc.
Connectivity Functions used to characterize spatial units that are connected according to a set of pre-defined rules.
Created by: carlos_reyes
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